Table 5.
Overview of mean diffusivity differences in cannabis users compared to controls, and their association with cannabis exposure levels and other variables.
| References | Cannabis users vs. Controls | Correlations |
|---|---|---|
| Cousijn et al. (2022) | n.s. | n.s. onset age, duration, grams/past 2 weeks, dependence severity |
| Lichenstein et al. (2022) | n.s. anterior thalamic radiations, cingulum | - |
| Sweigert et al. (2020) | ↓ Middle cerebellar peduncle | neg. cor. craving scores (MCQ-SF) and middle cerebellar peduncle n.s. CUDIT-R total score |
| Levar et al. (2018) | n.s. uncinate fasciculus | - |
| Orr et al. (2016) | n.s. | - |
| Rigucci et al. (2016) | ↑ Corpus callosum |
Subgroup analysis: daily use > occasional use > controls daily/high potency use > low potency use > controls and weekly use early > late onset (< 15 vs. >15 years) trend |
| Shollenbarger et al. (2015) | ↑ Forceps minor, uncinate fasciculus trend ↑ anterior thalamic radiations | pos. cor. depression symptoms and anterior thalamic radiations |
| Filbey et al. (2014) | n.s. forceps major and minor | - |
| Gruber et al. (2014) | ↑ corpus callosum (genu) | - |
| Gruber et al. (2011) | ↑ Corpus callosum (genu) | neg. cor. onset age and frontal region, corpus callosum (genu) pos. cor. duration and corpus callosum (genu) |
| Ashtari et al. (2009) | ↑ mid./sup. temporal gyrus tracts, internal capsule, thalamic radiation [voxel wise analysis of covariance] ↑ arcuate [tractography] | n.s. onset age, duration, amount of use, and length abstinent |
| Bava et al. (2009, 2010) | ↑ Occipital –lingual gyrus tracts ↓ Inferior longitudinal fasciculus | trends neg. cor. hits/month and inferior longitudinal fasciculus trend |
| Jacobus et al. (2009) | n.s. | - |
| Arnone et al. (2008) | ↑ Corpus callosum (prefrontal cortex subregion) | pos. cor. duration and corpus callosum (prefrontal cortex subregion) trend n.s. onset age and corpus callosum |
| Delisi et al. (2006) | ↓ Middle frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate | - |
| Gruber and Yurgelun-Todd (2005) | trend ↑ ACC, corpus callosum (genu, splenium) | - |
ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; Cor, correlated; Mid, middle; n.s., non-significant; Neg, negative; Pos, positive; Sup, superior; ↓, Cannabis Users < Controls; ↑ Cannabis Users > Controls.