Table 2. Effect of prenatal micronutrient-fortified BEP supplementation on maternal and newborn body composition1.
| Characteristics | Control | Intervention | Unadjusted difference (95% CI) | P | Adjusted difference (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal (n) | 185 | 186 | ||||
| FFMI (kg/m2) | 17.5 ± 1.78 | 17.9 ± 2.10 | 0.50 (0.09, 0.90) | 0.015 | 0.45 (0.05, 0.84) | 0.026 |
| FMI (kg/m2) | 5.14 ± 2.23 | 4.99 ± 2.18 | −0.15 (−0.59, 0.29) | 0.496 | −0.22 (−0.58, 0.14) | 0.237 |
| %FFM | 77.7 ± 7.87 | 78.6 ± 7.41 | 0.93 (−0.57, 2.43) | 0.223 | 1.08 (−0.22, 2.39) | 0.103 |
| %FM | 22.3 ± 7.87 | 21.4 ± 7.41 | −0.93 (−2.43, 0.57) | 0.223 | −1.08 (−2.39, 0.22) | 0.103 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 ± 2.29 | 22.7 ± 2.42 | 0.11 (−0.38, 0.61) | 0.653 | 0.09 (−0.32, 0.51) | 0.657 |
| Newborn (n) | 368 | 352 | ||||
| FFMI (kg/m2) | 12.6 ± 1.53 | 12.9 ± 1.57 | 0.29 (0.07, 0.51) | 0.011 | 0.28 (0.06, 0.50) | 0.012 |
| FMI (kg/m2) | 0.95 ± 1.33 | 0.86 ± 1.30 | −0.15 (−0.33, 0.04) | 0.122 | −0.13 (−0.32, 0.05) | 0.146 |
| %FFM | 93.2 ± 9.41 | 93.9 ± 9.37 | 1.05 (−0.27, 2.37) | 0.119 | 0.97 (−0.33, 2.28) | 0.143 |
| %FM | 6.78 ± 9.41 | 6.11 ± 9.37 | −1.05 (−2.37, 0.27) | 0.119 | −0.97 (−2.28, 0.33) | 0.143 |
| Length-for-age z-score | −0.70 ± 1.11 | −0.62 ± 0.99 | 0.08 (−0.07, 0.23) | 0.287 | 0.07 (−0.07, 0.21) | 0.327 |
| Weight-for-age z-score | −0.56 ± 0.95 | −0.44 ± 0.90 | 0.10 (−0.03, 0.24) | 0.121 | 0.11 (−0.02, 0.23) | 0.094 |
| Weight-for-length z-score | −0.24 ± 1.10 | −0.12 ± 1.03 | 0.12 (−0.03, 0.27) | 0.105 | 0.13 (−0.02, 0.27) | 0.080 |
1Values are means ± SDs. Unadjusted and adjusted group differences were estimated by fitting linear regression models. All models contained the health center and randomization block as covariates to take into account clustering of our data by the study design. Adjusted models contained additional covariates such as maternal age, height, arm fat index, hemoglobin concentration and parity at study enrollment, household size, wealth index and food insecurity status, and number of postpartum days before the body composition measurement.
BEP, balanced energy-protein
BMI, body mass index
CI, confidence interval
FFMI, fat-free mass index
%FFM, fat-free mass as percentage of total body weight
FMI, fat-mass index
%FM, fat-mass as percentage of total body weight
SD, standard deviation.