Wilkie 2000.

Methods	Study design: RCT Country: USA Total: 56 randomised (massage group n = 26, no‐massage group n = 30)
Participants	Population: people had pain associated with primary cancers Setting: person's homes except for 4 participants who resided in 3 different nursing homes Mean age: 63 years
Interventions	Intervention: 30‐50 minutes of massage on twice‐weekly for 2 weeks Comparison: usual hospice care Country of training: not reported Years in practice: not reported
Outcomes	Outcome measures before the first and immediately after the fourth massages: Pain Assessment Tool (PAT)/Skilled Nursing Visit Report form (SNVR) Pain intensity Painful areas Pain quality Pain pattern QoL Global Well Being Scale (GWBS) Current Quality of Life Scale (CQLS) Satisfaction with Current Quality of Life Scale (SCQLS)
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "randomly assigned to groups"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	Quote: "the attrition rate was high (48%) including 16 control group patients and 11 massage group patients. The 14 control group and 15 massage group subjects who completed the study. The most frequent reasons for withdrawal were death (n=15) or rapid mental or physical deterioration with inability to complete the study questionnaire (n = 6)
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Did not report the QoL as an immediate outcome. Did not report the emotional distress as a long‐term outcome
Size	Unclear risk	n = 56
Other bias	Low risk	Quote: "subjects who completed or did not complete the study were not statistically different in age or baseline mean scores for any of the outcomes variables"