Table 2.
Clinical and Molecular Features in Recurrent Gliomas With and Without MMR Gene Mutations in the Recurrence
| Subgroup | n | Gender (M:F) | Age (years) | Initial 2021 WHO Grade (2:3:4) | Recurrence 2021 WHO Grade (2:3:4) | ΔGrade (% Increased at Recurrence) | MGMT Promoter* (Methylated: Unmethylated) | TMZ Therapy* (Treated Between Samples:Not Treated) | ΔTMB, Primary vs. Recurrence* (Mutations/Mb) | Median Survival Post-Recurrence (Months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IDH-mutant astrocytoma | ||||||||||
| MMR-mutant | 12 | 4:6 | 36.8 ± 3.0 | 9:3:0 | 4:1:7 | 67% | 7:1 | 10:2 | 89.3 ± 12.5 | 17.5 |
| MMR-wild type | 50 | 35:15 | 34.7 ± 1.3 | 39:5:6 | 25:9:16 | 28% | 22:4 | 16:28 | 3.6 ± 1.6 | 43.0 |
| P-value | - | =0.1429 | =0.4908 | =0.2224 | =0.3434 | =0.0119 | =0.8975 | =0.0073 | <0.0001 | =0.0022 |
| IDH-wild-type glioblastoma | ||||||||||
| MMR-mutant | 18 | 10:8 | 49.9 ± 2.5 | 0:0:18 | 0:0:18 | - | 7:2 | 16:0 | 62.7 ± 20.1 | 7.5 |
| MMR-wild type | 104 | 73:31 | 55.0 ± 1.1 | 0:0:104 | 0:0:104 | - | 23:49 | 80:11 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 9.0 |
| P-value | - | =0.2746 | =0.0753 | - | - | - | =0.0111 | =0.2110 | <0.0001 | =0.6229 |
Note: MMR, mismatch repair; ΔGrade, change in grade between primary and recurrence, TMZ, temozolomide; ΔTMB, change in tumor mutation burden between primary and recrurrence; bold indicates statistical significance to a level of < 0.05;
*not all cases had available MGMT promoter methylation, TMZ therapy data, or paired TMB in primary and recurrent samples.