Oil (Ariel part) |
Conventional |
Carvacrol, a-pinene, p-cymene, c-terpinene, and thymol methyl ether |
Water/steam |
Silva et al. (2005),
Skočibušić et al. (2006)
|
Leaves, flower buds, and calyx |
UV-visible spectrophotometry |
Flavonoids |
Ethanol |
Khlebnikova et al. (2022)
|
Ariel part |
Mass spectrometer |
Rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and naringenin acid |
Methanol |
Boroja et al. (2018)
|
Flowers, leaves, and steam |
Conventional |
Phenolic and flavonoids |
Ethanol |
Predescu et al. (2020)
|
Flowers |
Non-conventional |
Rutin and quercetin |
Ethanol |
Mašković et al. (2017)
|
Leaves |
— |
Carvacrol and γ-terpinene |
— |
Radácsi et al. (2016)
|
Seeds |
Conventional |
Carvacrol, c-terpinene, para-cymene; and the minor components a-terpinene, myrcene, camphene, and a-pinene |
— |
Svoboda and Greenaway (2003)
|
GC and GCMS |
Blooming and shade-dried plants |
HPTLC and HPLC |
Rosmarinic acid (RA), caffeic acid (CA), chlorogenic acid (ChA), apigenin, luteolin, catechin, quercetin, rutin, and hyperoside |
Methanol |
Shanaida et al. (2021)
|
Dried |
NMR |
Luteolin, apigenin, and quercetin |
Ethanol and acetone |
Exarchou et al. (2002)
|
Oil (flowers) |
GC-MC |
α-Phellandrene and myrcene |
Helium |
Stankov et al. (2022)
|
Oil |
GC-MC |
Limonene |
Helium |
Stankov et al. (2022)
|
Extract (Ariel parts) |
UHPLC/DAD/HESI-MS/MS |
hydroxycinnamic acids, caffeic and isoferulic acids |
Acetic acid with water |
Boroja et al. (2018)
|
Ariel parts |
UHPLC/DAD/HESI-MS/MS |
Flavonol (quercetin), flavonol glycosides (isoquercitrin, astragalin, quercitrin), and coumarin derivatives (aesculin and aesculetin) |
Acetic acid with water |
Boroja et al. (2018)
|
Dried |
HPLC-DAD |
Protocatechuic acid |
Water and formic acid |
Mašković et al. (2017)
|
Dried |
HPLC-DAD |
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid |
Water and formic acid |
Mašković et al. (2017)
|