TABLE 2.

Medicinal uses of Summer Savory.

Disease type	Study design	Symptoms	Mechanism	Reference
Alzheimer’s	—	Lack of acetylcholine	Part of the Satureja spp. contains phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, which are sources of antioxidants able to diminish the development and evolution of Alzheimer’s disease and decrease neuronal degeneration	Öztürk (2012)
Inflammatory bowel disease	Mice	Inflammation	Phenolic acids help to reduce inflammation	Hajhashemi et al. (2002), Rocha et al. (2007)
			The polyphenols and essential oil of Satureja spp. exhibit significant anti-inflammatory activity. The literature reports the traditional employment of S. hortensis as a solution for inflammation diminishing and pain relief
Cancer	Humans	Lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements	The effect of carvacrol on a human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line also named A549 demonstrated the inhibitory action of carvacrol on cancer cells. The research shows that carvacrol could present anti-carcinogenic activity and could be employed in cancer treatment	Koparal and Zeytinoğlu (2003), Kennedy et al. (2018)
Rhino-sinusitis	Rabbit	nasal discharge, sneezing, and swelling of the nose	The anti-inflammatory activity of Satureja hortensis L. was investigated by evaluating NO• metabolites. The results confirmed the potential of Satureja hortensis L. extract in inflammation reduction, thus suggesting its use in the treatment of rhino-sinusitis diseases	Uslu et al. (2003)
Heart-related	Humans	Difficulty in breathing, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and cold sweats	Literature states that extract of S. hortensis L. in methanol reduces blood platelet adhesion, aggregation, and secretion, thus explaining its traditional employment in cardiovascular and blood clot disease treatment	Mihajilov-Krstev et al. (2010)
Diabetes	Humans	Weight loss	Polyphenols are considered great natural antioxidants that have been demonstrated to act similarly to anti-diabetic medicines, which decrease the glucose concentration of blood	Ahmadvand et al. (2012), Ramachandran (2014)
		Frequent fatigue
		Dry mouth
		Burning and pain in feet
		Itching
		Decreased vision
Hepatitis B	Humans		The antiviral properties of Savory spp. essential oil were investigated, and some results revealed that Satureja boliviana can slow down the actions of hepatitis B, herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1), and vesicular stomatitis virus	Bezić et al. (2009)
				Momtaz and Abdollahi (2010)
Genotoxin	Rats	Oxidative stress	SHE (S. hortensis ethanolic extract) displayed a considerable inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage	Behravan et al. (2006)
			SHEO (S. hortensis essential oils) also displayed appreciable inhibitory activity on H2O2 induced chromosomal damage
Antifungal	—	—	The essential oils extracted from plants have many advantages compared to traditional chemical fungicides, which makes their future use promising	Shirzad et al. (2011)
Antioxidant, Hepato-protective	Rats	Oxidative stress	A single dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg) produced damage in the liver, as demonstrated by the rise in serum ALT, ALP, AST, and GGT contents. Adjuvant treatment with S. hortensis extract generated a considerable reduction in serum AST, ALT, and ALP quantities, demonstrating its hepatoprotective activity	Boroja et al. (2018)
Antinociceptive, Anti-inflammatory	Male mice	Inflammation	Decreased acetic acid-induced abdominal twitches. Hydroalcoholic extracts considerably lowered the pain responses in the early and late phases of the formalin test, while the polyphenolic extract and essential oil demonstrated effectiveness only in the late phase of the formalin test	Hajhashemi et al. (2012)
Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antibacterial	—	—	The extracts displayed antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities, with the greatest biological potential exhibited in the case of subcritical water extracts	Mašković et al. (2017)
Antimutagenic	Humans	—	Phenylpropanoids and phenolic molecules like flavonoids, phenolic acids, and phenolic monoterpenes were proven to be responsible for antimutagenic activity in aromatic plants	Caillet et al. (2011)
Protective effect against AFB1 mutagen, Antioxidant	Humans	Increased MN frequencies, oxidative stress	Luteolin was demonstrated to possess many health benefits. Research regarding luteolin derivatives could contribute to the knowledge of their positive effects	Orhan et al. (2016)