Figure 6. Diagnostic approach to suspected acute HF.

BNP = brain natriuretic peptide; CAG = coronary angiography; CT = computed tomography; HF = heart failure; NT-pro-BNP = N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; US = ultrasound.

*Blood tests include troponin, serum creatinine, electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, thyroid stimulating hormone, liver function test, d-dimer, procalcitonin, arterial blood gas analysis, lactate.

^†Coronary angiography can be performed if acute coronary syndrome is suspected, and chest CT if pulmonary embolism is suspected.