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. 2023 Jul 13;5(3):111–126. doi: 10.36628/ijhf.2023.0019

Figure 6. Diagnostic approach to suspected acute HF.

Figure 6

HF = heart failure; US = ultrasound; CAG = coronary angiography; CT = computed tomography; BNP = brain natriuretic peptide; NT-pro-BNP = N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.

*Blood tests include troponin, serum creatinine, electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, thyroid stimulating hormone, liver function test, d-dimer, procalcitonin, arterial blood gas analysis, lactate.

†Coronary angiography can be performed if acute coronary syndrome is suspected, and chest CT if pulmonary embolism is suspected.