Table 8. Hemodynamic properties of common inotropes and vasopressors.
Agent | Common infusion rate | Mechanism of action | Hemodynamic effect | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
α1 | β1 | β2 | Dopamine | CO | SVR | |||
Vasopressors | ||||||||
Dopamine | 0.5–20 μg/kg/min | ~+++ | + ~ +++ | ~+ | ++ ~ +++ | ↑ ~ ↑↑ | ↑ ~ ↑↑ | |
Norepinephrine | 0.05–0.4 μg/kg/min | ++++ | ++ | + | ↑ | ↑↑ | ||
Epinephrine | 0.01–0.5 μg/kg/min | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | ↑↑ | ↑↑ | ||
Phenylephrine | 0.1–10 μg/kg/min | +++ | ↑↑ | |||||
Inodilators | ||||||||
Dobutamine | 2–20 μg/kg/min | + | ++++ | ++ | ↑↑ | ↓ | ||
Milrinone | 0.125–0.75 μg/kg/min | Phosphodiesterase-3 inhibition | ↑ | ↓ | ||||
Isoproterenol | 2–20 μg/min | ++++ | +++ | ↑↑ | ↓ |
CO = cardiac output; SVR = systemic vascular resistance.
Adapted from van Diepen et al.53) with the permission of the American Heart Association.