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. 2023 Aug 7;11(15):e15773. doi: 10.14814/phy2.15773

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© 2023 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The fold change from D0 within each subject in urinary biomarkers of AKI, collected from pups receiving HIE injury and either no treatment or treatment with PBM or caffeine, alone and in combination, at 1, 2, 3, and 7 days from start of experiment. Protein abundance in urine was determined via ELISA. Bars represent mean ± SD of n = 4–6 pups/group. Data points represent individual animals. *Significantly different (p < 0.05) from time point matched controls not receiving HIE (control data is presented in Figure S1). ^#Significantly different (p < 0.05) from time point matched HIE pups not receiving PBM or caffeine treatment.