Table 4.

The characterisation of the polysaccharide fraction I (PF I) in maize (Zea mays L.) roots by the yield, the content of monosaccharides, uronic acids, proteins, phenols, and the concentration of Cd²⁺. Different letters denote statistically significant differences in the parameters between the treatments at p < 0.05 according to the Tukey test

	Yield [%]	Monosaccharides [%]								Proteins [%]	Phenols [%]	Cd2+ [μg/g]
		Xyl	UA	Ara	Gal	Rha	Fuc	Glc	Man
		(Glucurono)arabinoxylan						Glucomannan
				Pectin
				Arabinogalactan I, II
Control	3.2	30.5 ± 0.9a	1.6 ± 0.0c	28.8 ± 0.4b	15.2 ± 0.8c	4.8 ± 0.2b	9.1 ± 0.5b	11.0 ± 1.0a	3.0 ± 0.4b	5.9 ± 0.1c	0.2 ± 0.1c	n.d.
IBA	3.2	25.0 ± 1.0b	2.3 ± 0.1b	19.8 ± 0.9c	20.6 ± 0.7b	5.1 ± 0.5b	9.9 ± 0.5b	11.4 ± 1.1a	5.9 ± 0.8ab	4.5 ± 0.2d	0.1 ± 0.1c	n.d.
Cd	3.5	18.3 ± 0.6c	3.2 ± 0.1a	17.9 ± 0.4c	23.8 ± 0.5a	8.9 ± 0.5a	16.7 ± 0.6a	11.5 ± 0.6a	3.4 ± 0.2b	8.0 ± 0.4b	0.4 ± 0.1b	606.0 ± 1.0a
Cd + IBA	4.3	23.6 ± 0.4b	2.9 ± 0.1a	32.6 ± 0.7a	19.9 ± 0.4b	4.3 ± 0.3b	4.3 ± 0.4c	11.7 ± 0.8a	4.2 ± 0.4ab	9.7 ± 0.2a	0.7 ± 0.1a	512.3 ± 0.7b

n.d. not detected

Different lowercase letters (a–c) denote statistically significant differences in the parameters between the treatments at p < 0.05 according to the Tukey