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. 2022 Oct 27;24(7):1121–1139. doi: 10.1007/s10198-022-01538-7

Table 3.

Resource utilization, government costs and out of pocket costs by cost category for a 12-month period for persons with IPF in Australia

Resource utilisation Costs
Total (n) Mean per person (95% CI) Range per person Mean government costs per person (95% CI) ($) Mean OOP costs per person (95% CI) ($) Overall mean costs per person (95% CI) ($) Total government burden (95% CI) ($ millions) Total OOP burden (95% CI) ($ millions)) Total overall burden (95% CI) ($ millions)
Medical services
 Medication (prescriptions)
  Antifibrotic 1010 6 (5–7) 1–22 19,255 (16,158–22,715) 86 (65–116) 19,340 (16,238–22,809) 182 (153–215) 0.8 (0.6–1.0) 183 (154–216)
  Other respiratory 548 3 (2–5) 1–51 199 (114–472) 32 (21–50) 232 (144–516) 1.8 (1.1–4.5) 0.3 (0.2–0.5) 2.2 (1.4–4.9)
  Medications for comorbidities 7763 48 (42–54) 2–172 1,755 (1,235–2,760) 391 (331–472) 2,146 (1,602–3,214) 16.6 (11.7–26.1) 3.7 (3.1–4.5) 20.3 (15.2–30.4)
  Non-prescription 138 1 (0–1) 1–7 148 (101–236) 148 (101–236) 1.4 (1.0–2.2) 1.4 (1.0–2.2)
 Healthcare professionals (visits)
  General practitioners 2704 17 (15–19) 3–63 952 (845–1,072) 65 (52–91) 1,021 (917–1,140) 9.0 (8.0–10.1) 0.6 (0.5–0.9) 9.7 (8.7–10.8)
  Specialists 1397 9 (7–13) 1–176 820 (576–1,873) 261 (208–353) 1,081 (798–2,079) 7.7 (5.4–17.7) 2.5 (2.0–3.3) 10.2(7.5–19.7)
  Nursing services 186 1 (1–2) 1–11 15 (11–19) 15 (11–19) 0.1 (0.1–0.2) 0.1 (0.1–0.2)
  Allied professionals 316 2 (1–3) 1–19 94 (71–128) 17 (9–35) 138 (100–200) 0.8 (0.6–1.2) 0.2 (0.1–0.3) 1.3 (0.9–1.9)

 Medical tests and procedures

(tests/procedures)

  Diagnostic tests 4812 30 (26–36) 1–302 543 (466–707) 71 (44–118) 614 (517–805) 5.1 (4.4–6.7) 0.7(0.4–1.1) 5.8(4.9–7.6)
  IPF diagnostics and procedures 394 2 (2–3) 1–13 290 (252–334) 17 (10–28) 306 (267–352) 2.7 (2.4–3.2) 0.2 (0.1–0.3) 2.9 (2.5–3.3)
  Non-IPF diagnostics and procedures 721 4 (4–5) 1–30 482 (392–627) 54 (36–91) 536 (436–708) 4.6 (3.7–5.9) 0.5(0.3–0.9) 5.1(4.1–6.7)
 Hospital (visits/admissions)
  Emergency department 75 1 (0–1) 1–8 429 (295–642) 429 (295–642) 4.1 (2.8–6.1) 4.1 (2.8–6.1)
  Admissions 106 1 (0–1) 1–10 3,491 (2,199–5,871) 535 (298–1,073) 4,026 (2,590–6,483) 33.0 (20.8–55.5) 5.1 (2.8–10.2) 38.1 (24.5–61.3)
 Equipment 80 1 (0–1) 1–16 484 (197–1,258) 649 (364–1,138) 1,134 (676–2,025) 4.6 (1.9–11.9) 6.1 (3.4–10.8) 10.7(6.4–19.2)
Total 28,836 (25,144–32,913) 2,182 (1,708–2,869) 31,018 (27,260–35,283) 273 (238–311) 20.6 (16.2–27.1) 293 (258–334)
Non-medical services
 Community services (hours) 76 1 (0–1) 1–16 132 (79–239) 157 (93–290) 289 (173–529) 1.2 (0.7–26.1) 1.5(0.9–2.7) 2.7(1.6–5.0)
 Transportation (km) 10,275 64 (41–104) 5–1,420 347 (197–786) 347 (197–786) 3.3 (1.9–7.4) 3.3 (1.9–7.4)
Total 132 (79–239) 505 (325–951) 637 (420–1,101) 1.2 (0.7–26.1) 4.8 (3.1–9.0) 6.0 (4.0–10.4)
Overall total costs 28,968 (25.238–33,084) 2,687 (2,148–3,478) 31,655 (27,723–35,757) 274 (239–313) 25.4 (20.3–32.9) 299 (262–338)

n number, SD Standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, CI confidence intervals, OOP out of pocket, $ Australian dollars, km kilometers