Table 4.
Poisson Regression Results for Deriving Prevalence Ratio Between Immigrant and US-Born Participants on Falling into “Below Basic” Predicted Health Literacy Category
| Parameter | Coefficient (standard error; SE) | 95% confidence interval | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower bound | Upper bound | ||
| Birth status | |||
| US-born | Reference | ||
| Immigrant | 1.81*** (0.16) | 1.52 | 2.16 |
| Age (continuous) | 1.08*** (0.004) | 1.07 | 1.09 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | Reference | ||
| Female | 0.63*** (0.05) | 0.55 | 0.73 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | Reference | ||
| Black or African American | 1.38*** (0.12) | 1.17 | 1.64 |
| Asian American or Pacific Islander | 0.51*** (0.08) | 0.39 | 0.68 |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | Reference | ||
| Never married | 1.05 (0.11) | 0.85 | 1.29 |
| Divorced, separated, or widowed | 1.05 (0.08) | 0.90 | 1.22 |
| Income category | |||
| < 100% FPL | Reference | ||
| 100–200% FPL | 0.79*** (0.05) | 0.70 | 0.89 |
| 200–300% FPL | 0.77*** (0.07) | 0.64 | 0.92 |
| ≥ 300% FPL | 0.41*** (0.05) | 0.33 | 0.51 |
| English proficiency | |||
| Very well | Reference | ||
| Well | 1.11 (0.17) | 0.82 | 1.51 |
| Not well | 1.15 (0.15) | 0.89 | 1.50 |
| Not at all | 1.20 (0.17) | 0.91 | 1.57 |
| Insurance coverage | |||
| Private only | Reference | ||
| Public only | 1.21 (0.12) | 0.99 | 1.48 |
| Uninsured | 1.44*** (0.23) | 1.05 | 1.97 |
| CCI score (continuous) | 0.95*** (0.02) | 0.90 | 0.99 |
| Education | |||
| Less than high school | Reference | ||
| High school | 0.50*** (0.03) | 0.44 | 0.57 |
| College | 0.02*** (0.008) | 0.006 | 0.04 |
| Graduate or other | 0.02*** (0.02) | 0.006 | 0.09 |
| Employment status | |||
| Employed | Reference | ||
| Unemployed | 1.21 (0.13) | 0.98 | 1.49 |
***p < 0.05; FPL federal poverty line, CCI Charlson comorbidity index