Supplementary Table 1.

Propensity-score model conditional on baseline covariates.

Covariates	Coefficients	Standard Errors	P values
Intercept	−2.185619	0.522340	2.86e-05
Age (years)	0.004412	0.005592	0.430118
Gender (female vs. male)	−0.077771	0.157773	0.622062
Severity at admission (severe vs. non-severe)	−0.146920	0.166242	0.376818
COVID-19 vaccination status (vaccinated vs. unknown)	0.149249	0.154748	0.334811
Time from symptom onset to admission (0–5 vs. >5 days)	0.725780	0.218937	0.000916
Systemic steroid (yes vs. no)	0.035365	0.181723	0.845697
Antibiotics (yes vs. no)	0.544309	0.155723	0.000473
Immunomodulators (yes vs. no)	0.550108	0.194569	0.004694