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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS Care. 2023 Feb 8;35(10):1497–1507. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2175770

*Variables written in grey indicate variables that were dropped after factor analysis

Enacted
In the past 12 months, how often have the following happen to you because you were a [preference] man?
  Never Once 2–3 times 4 or more times Does not apply
1. Hit or beaten up?          
2. Treaded rudely or unfairly?          
3. Made fun of or called names?          
4. Felt uncomfortable in a crowd of MSM in your city?          
5. Lost employment or dismissed from job?          
6. Were rejected by family members?          
7. Excluded from activities traditionally reserved for men?          
Orientation Concealment
In the past 12 months, how often did you do the following due to stigma against you as a [preference] man? Stigma is generally defined as when a group of people are discredited by their society, often because others dislike their particular characteristic, occupation, or behavior.
  Never Rarely Sometimes Often Does not apply
8. I stayed inside to avoid facing stigma against [preference] man          
9. I had sexual relationships with girls to hide that I am a [preference] man          
10. I flirted with girls to hide that I am a [preference] man          
11. I avoided holding hands or being affectionate with a male partner in public environments.          
12. I acted more manly than usual in order to be accepted.          
13. I acted differently at work so people would not think that I am a [preference] man          
14. I avoided going out at night, such as going dancing.          
Anticipated
If people are aware or become aware that you are a [preference] man, how likely is it that they will treat you in the following ways in the future because you are a [preference] man?
  Very unlikely Unlikely Neutral Likely Very likely
15. An employer will look down on me          
16. Family members will have negative attitudes towards me          
17. Friends will avoid me          
18. Family members will not invite me to social gatherings          
19. My neighbors will discriminate against me          
20. People at work will assume I have many sex partners          
21. My community will treat me with less respect          
22. Someone will hit or beat me up          
23. Someone will sexually assault me          
24. I will be called hurtful words when I go outside my home          
Internalized
How do you feel about being a [preference] man? Please rate how much you agree with the following statements.
  Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree
25. If I could change being a [preference] man to be a man who has sex only with women, I would do it.          
26. If people call me names, I am good at ignoring it.          
27. I feel ashamed of being a [preference] man.          
28. Social involvement with other [preference] men makes me feel uncomfortable.          
29. I feel I am not as good as others because I am a [preference] man.          
30. I think less of myself when I am in public with a person who is obviously a [preference] man.          
31. I think being a [preference] man is against the will of God.          
32. I perceive myself as physically or emotionally weak because I am a [preference] man.