Table 2.
CT image performance metrics by confounding factors. n = number of studies (*series). The p-value for the median chi-square is provided to determine if a significant difference in accuracy is found for each confounding factor
| Category | n (%) | F1 (95% CI) | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Institution | Primary care Hospital | 272 (56.1) | 92.1 (91.6–92.5) | 92.1 (91.7–92.5) | 99.5 (99.5–99.5) | 0.119 |
| Community Hospital | 111 (22.9) | 91.5 (90.9–92.2) | 91.5 (90.8–92.2) | 99.4 (99.3–99.4) | ||
| Imaging center | 102 (21.0) | 93.9 (93.4–94.4) | 94.0 (93.6–94.6) | 97.1 (96.8–97.4) | ||
| Age | 18–44 years | 103 (21.2) | 91.0 (90.3–91.8 | 91.0 (90.3–91.8) | 99.4 (99.4–99.5) | 6.7e − 7 |
| 45–64 years | 161 (33.2) | 91.4 (90.9–92.0) | 91.5 (91.0–92.1) | 99.4 (99.3–99.4) | ||
| ≥ 65 years | 221 (45.6) | 93.7 (93.3–94.1) | 93.7 (93.3–94.1) | 99.5 (99.5–94.5) | ||
| Sex | Female | 245 (50.5) | 91.8 (91.4–92.3) | 91.8 (91.4–92.3) | 99.4 (99.4–99.4) | 0.004 |
| Male | 240 (49.5) | 93.0 (92.6–93.4) | 93.1 (92.7–93.5) | 99.5 (99.5–99.5) | ||
| Manufacturer | Canon | 2 (0.4) | NA | NA | NA | 0.003 |
| GE | 62 (12.4) | 93.4 (92.7–94.2) | 93.6 (92.7–94.4) | 99.5 (99.4–99.5) | ||
| Hitachi | 4 (0.8) | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Philips | 23 (4.6) | 92.9 (91.4–94.4) | 93.0 (91.6–94.5) | 99.3 (99.1–99.5) | ||
| Siemens | 343 (68.5) | 92.3 (91.9–92.6) | 92.3 (92.0–92.7) | 99.3 (99.3–99.4) | ||
| Toshiba | 50 (10.0) | 91.5 (90.5–92.5) | 91.3 (90.2–92.4) | 99.4 (99.3–99.5) | ||
| Vital images | 17 (3.4) | 100.00 (91.4–100.0) | 100.0 (90.0–100.0) | 100.0 (98.1–100.0) | ||
| Contrast* | With contrast | 305 (26.1) | 94.9 (94.4–95.3) | 94.9 (94.5–95.4) | 98.8 (98.7–99.0) | 7.0e − 8 |
| Without contrast | 865 (73.9) | 91.5 (91.1–91.8) | 91.4 (91.1–91.8) | 99.5 (99.5–99.5) | ||
| Slice thickness* | ≤ 2 mm | 464 (39.7) | 92.7 (92.3–93.1) | 92.7 (92.3–93.1) | 99.6 (99.5–99.6) | 7.7e − 9 |
| > 2 mm and < 5 mm | 641 (54.8) | 91.8 (91.4–92.3) | 91.9 (91.5–92.3) | 99.1 (99.1–99.2) | ||
| ≥ 5 mm | 64 (5.5) | 96.2 (95.3–97.1) | 96.3 (95.4–97.1) | 98.3 (97.6–99.0) | ||
| CT kernel* | Bone | 268 (22.9) | 92.1 (91.5–92.7) | 92.0 (91.4–92.6) | 99.5 (99.4–99.5) | 0.623 |
| Soft tissue | 901 (77.1) | 92.6 (92.2–92.9) | 92.6 (92.3–93.0) | 99.3 (99.3–99.4) |