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. 2023 Jul 25;13:1134433. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1134433

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Copyright © 2023 Rajaramon, Shanmugam, Dandela and Solomon

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Anti-microbial coatings on Urinary Catheter(s) (UCs) to either kill the pathogens or inhibit biofilm formation. Right: Contact killing (Enzymes, Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs), Bacteriophages). Left: Release killing (Antibiotic, Nanoparticles (NPs), Nitric Oxide (NO)). Bottom: Quorum Sensing (QS) disruptors to prevent biofilm formation: a) QS mechanism b) Quorum Quenching c) QS inhibitor. (Created using Biorender).