Course title: Health, gender, and chronic pain
1st year–gender, medicine, and health
Theme	Health and gender
Contents	I Module (1) Sex as health determinants (sex differences in organ and body systems) (2) Sex differences in effect and side effects of pharmaceuticals (3) Incorporating gender analysis into health research and interventions. II Module (1) Gender differences and their impact on pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and medical care (2) Gender distribution of diseases in the population (3) The role of gender in shaping health inequities and how gender health inequalities affect health research and interventions.
Objectives	Develop skills in gender medicine
Teaching modalities	Autobiography Interactive lesson Case discussion Use of reflective diaries in clinical placement Reflective writing Final evaluation
Hours	20 h (frontal lectures and facilitated team-work)
2nd year–pain as a multidimensional experience
Theme	The multiple aspects of pain
Contents	I Module The physiological basis of pain II Module The social/cultural aspects in pain III Module The psychological aspects in pain
Objectives	Understanding and deepening the multidimensionality of the pain symptoms
Teaching modalities	Initial autobiography Case discussion Interactive lesson Testimonials and reflections on the experience Use of reflective diaries in clinical placement Reflective writing Final evaluation
Hours	20 h
3rd year–gender medicine and female chronic pain
Theme	Sex and gender differences in pain and pain management
Contents	I Module (1) Biologic factors may account for sex differences in pain (2) Psychosocial factors may account for sex/gender differences in pain sensitivity II Module (1) Medicine, pain, and gender bias (2) Pain, chronic pain, and women III Module (1) Reflect on one’s own gender stereotypes and their impact on clinical practice (2) Medical practice and self-reflexivity
Objectives	To Deepen the characteristics of sex and gender related to pain and chronic pain To reflect on gender biases in pain and pain management and develop skills to trace them
Teaching modalities	Initial autobiography Case discussion Interactive lesson Testimonials and reflections on the experience Simulation lab (virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality etc) Role playing Use of reflective diaries in clinical placement Reflective writing Final evaluation
Hours	20 h
4th year–gender medicine and relationship with the patient
Theme	Relationship with the patient
Contents	I Module (1) Review strategies for patient-centered communication (2) Personalized pain assessments (3) Assessment of chronic pain in women II Module (1) The impact of gender on communication and interaction with patients (2) Review strategies for patient-centered communication regardless of gender III Module (1) Ascertaining chronic pain in patients considering the gender difference
Objectives	Deepen knowledge and develop skills on the doctor/patient relationship, in particular in the assessment and therapeutic management of pain
Teaching modalities	Initial autobiography Case discussion Interactive lesson Testimonials and reflections on the experience Simulation lab (virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality etc) Role playing Use of reflective diaries in clinical placement Reflective writing Final evaluation
Hours	20 h