RANTES induction in A549 cells transiently expressing MV genes. Approximately 80% confluent A549 cell monolayers in 35-mm2 dishes were infected for 60 min at an MOI of 2.5 with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing T7 polymerase. Cells were then transiently transfected with 2 μg of pBS vectors containing the individual MV genes: the nucleocapsid (N), phosphoprotein (P), or large protein (L) gene or p107CAT, expressing the MV leader gene linked to (−) sense chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Cells were also transfected with pGEM vectors containing the SV nucleocapsid (NP) or phosphoprotein (P) gene. In both vectors the genes were under the control of the T7 promoter, which allows transcription by the vaccinia virus-encoded T7 polymerase. Cells infected with MV at an MOI of 2.5 were used as a positive control. Transfection with pBS and pGEM empty vectors (pBS and pGEM) was used as negative controls. After overnight incubation supernatants were examined for RANTES protein by ELISA. Results are shown as means ± SE from two separate experiments, with transfections performed in duplicate.