Table 3.
Changes in left ventricular parameters in HL-RT and LL-BFR groups.
| Left ventricular parameters | Before | After | Δ | d | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aortic root diameter (mm) | |||||
| HL-RT | 28.6 ± 2.0 | 28.9 ± 2.2 | 0.31 | 0.42 | −0.30 to 0.92 |
| LL-BFR | 29.2 ± 2.2 | 28.6 ± 2.2 | −0.61 | −0.56 | −1.52 to 0.30 |
| Left atrial diameter (mm) | |||||
| HL-RT | 29.4 ± 3.7 | 30.3 ± 4.8 | 0.90 | 0.38 | −1.09 to 2.89 |
| LL-BFR | 27.7 ± 2.8 | 28.6 ± 2.8 | 0.85 | 0.44 | −0.75 to 2.45 |
| LV internal dimension systole (mm) | |||||
| HL-RT | 26.4 ± 5.3 | 28.6 ± 5.9 | 2.26 | 0.36 | −2.96 to 7.48 |
| LL-BFR | 26.3 ± 8.1 | 26.0 ± 5.4 | −0.26 | −0.07 | −3.64 to 3.12 |
| LV internal dimension diastole (mm) | |||||
| HL-RT | 49.3 ± 4.8 | 51.5 ± 6.8 | 2.22 | 0.41 | −2.31 to 6.77 |
| LL-BFR | 49.4 ± 5.0 | 50.5 ± 5.2 | 0.66 | 0.20 | −2.12 to 3.44 |
| LV end-systolic posterior wall thickness (mm) | |||||
| HL-RT | 18.0 ± 3.0 | 17.9 ± 2.2 | −0.72 | −0.41 | −2.20 to 0.75 |
| LL-BFR | 18.5 ± 2.4 | 19.0 ± 3.0 | 0.48 | 0.75 | −0.05 to 1.03 |
| LV end-diastolic posterior wall thickness (mm) | |||||
| HL-RT | 10.8 ± 1.6 | 10.6 ± 1.2 | −0.05 | −0.11 | −0.44 to 0.34 |
| LL-BFR | 11.2 ± 3.4 | 11.6 ± 3.3 | 0.39 | 0.61 | −0.14 to 0.92 |
| Interventricular septum end-systolic thickness (mm) | |||||
| HL-RT | 15.5 ± 2.1 | 16.0 ± 2.2 | 0.43 | 0.52 | −0.26 to 1.11 |
| LL-BFR | 15.3 ± 3.1 | 15.8 ± 3.2 | 0.46 | 0.57 | −0.22 to 1.15 |
| Interventricular septum end-diastolic thickness (mm) | |||||
| HL-RT | 10.5 + 1.2 | 10.6 ± 1.2 | 0.04 | 0.24 | −0.10 to 0.17 |
| LL-BFR | 10.3 ± 1.6 | 10.7 ± 1.7 | 0.40 | 0.63 | −0.13 to 0.93 |
| LV mass (g) | |||||
| HL-RT | 194.3 ± 24.4 | 211.1 ± 51.2 | 16.81 | 0.46 | −13.91 to 47.53 |
| LL-BFR | 194.6 ± 90.6 | 222.3 ± 87.1 | 27.66 | 0.47 | −23.04 to 75.35 |
| Resting systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||||
| HL-RT | 123.1 ± 8.6 | 123.1 ± 15.4 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −7.50 to 7.50 |
| LL-BFR | 116.1 ± 13.4 | 110.0 ± 8.5 | 6.13 | −0.55 | −15.47 to 3.22 |
| Resting diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||||
| HL-RT | 74.5 ± 12.4 | 77.4 ± 14.0 | 2.88 | 0.33 | −4.32 to 10.07 |
| LL-BFR | 68.8 ± 10.8 | 68.8 ± 5.6 | 0.38 | 0.04 | −7.17 to 7.91 |
| Resting heart rate (bpm) | |||||
| HL-RT | 55.3 ± 5.3 | 56.0 ± 4.8 | 0.75 | 0.65 | −0.49 to 1.99 |
| LL-BFR | 54.3 ± 4.3 | 53.6 ± 3.6 | −0.63 | −0.35 | −2.10 to 0.85 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | |||||
| HL-RT | 71.4 ± 16.7 | 78.6 ± 8.7 | 7.25 | 0.38 | −8.64 to 23.15 |
| LL-BFR | 77.4 ± 7.9 | 75.4 ± 6.6 | −2.06 | −0.29 | −8.02 to 3.90 |
| LV fractional shortening | |||||
| HL-RT | 46.7 ± 7.1 | 44.7 ± 5.8 | −2.03 | −0.33 | −5.23 to 3.17 |
| LL-BFR | 47.9 ± 11.4 | 48.4 ± 9.3 | 0.51 | 0.07 | −5.93 to 6.95 |
| LV stroke volume (mL) | |||||
| HL-RT | 89.0 ± 17.3 | 96.5 ± 24.6 | 7.50 | 0.48 | −5.68 to 20.68 |
| LL-BFR | 76.2 ± 31.7 | 96.1 ± 25.4 | 19.91 | 0.43 | −18.76 to 58.58 |
| LV cardiac output (L/min) | |||||
| HL-RT | 5.9 ± 1.8 | 6.0 ± 1.0 | 0.12 | 0.06 | −1.62 to 1.87 |
| LL-BFR | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 6.0 ± 1.4 | 1.35 | 1.41 | 0.55 to 2.15 |
Cohen’s effect size (d), confidence interval (CI), delta values (Δ), high-load resistance training (HL-RT), left ventricle (LV), and low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction (LL-BFR). Values are means ± standard deviation for 8 participants per group.