TABLE 3.
General characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristic | Cases (n = 107) n (%) | Controls (n = 70) n (%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) | 33.6 ± 6.7 | 32.6 ± 6.8 | 0.949 | 0.344 |
| (Cohen’s d: 0.148) | ||||
| Age categories (years) | 0.5 | 0.925 | ||
| 17–24 | 5 (4.7) | 3 (4.3) | ||
| 25–34 | 54 (50.5) | 39 (55.7) | ||
| 35–44 | 41 (38.3) | 24 (34.3) | ||
| ≥45 | 7 (6.5) | 4 (5.7) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.0 ± 2.7 | 20.9 ± 2.4 | 0.284 | 0.777 |
| (Cohen’s d: 0.039) | ||||
| Underweight (<18 .5) | 21 (19.6) | 14 (20.0) | 0.8 | 0.945 |
| Normal (18.5–23.9) | 75 (70.1) | 49 (70.0) | ||
| Overweight (24–27.9) | 9 (8.4) | 6 (8.6) | ||
| Obese (28–29.9) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.4) | ||
| Severe obesity (30–39.9) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | ||
| Medical insurance | 10.1 | 0.071 | ||
| Basic Insurance for Urban Employees | 49 (45.8) | 29 (41.4) | ||
| Basic Insurance for Urban Residents | 28 (26.1) | 22 (31.4) | ||
| New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance | 19 (17.8) | 16 (22.9) | ||
| Business insurance | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | ||
| Own expense | 1 (0.9) | 2 (2.9) | ||
| Other | 10 (9.4) | 0 (0) | ||
| Use of plastic products | 8.0 | 0.046 | ||
| Often | 13 (12.2) | 2 (2.9) | ||
| Sometimes | 21 (19.6) | 8 (11.4) | ||
| Occasionally | 36 (33.6) | 32 (45.7) | ||
| Rarely | 37 (34.6) | 28 (40.0) | ||
| Cosmetic use | 12.6 | 0.005 | ||
| Often | 33 (30.8) | 8 (11.4) | ||
| Sometimes | 11 (10.3) | 7 (10.0) | ||
| Occasionally | 25 (23.4) | 31 (44.3) | ||
| Rarely | 38 (35.5) | 24 (34.3) | ||
| History of infertility | 0.9 | 0.011 | ||
| Yes | 26 (24.3) | 6 (8.6) | ||
| No | 77 (72.0) | 57 (81.4) | ||
| Unknown (deny sex life) | 4 (3.7) | 7 (10.0) | ||
| Dysmenorrhea | 26.9 | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 67 (62.6) | 16 (22.9) | ||
| no | 40 (37.4) | 54 (77.1) | ||
Data are presented as the means ±SDs, for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. BMI: body mass index.