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Flow diagram of operated pathologies (left) and the choice of ECLS used for surgical treatment (right) in published reports from 1992–2022; cases with insufficient data were omitted. TEF, trachea-esophageal fistula; pl, pumpless; V-V, veno-venous; V-A, veno-arterial; CPB, cardio-pulmonary bypass; A-V, arterio-venous; ECLS, extracorporeal life support.
