Table 3. Comparison of demographics, preoperative clinical and oncological characteristics among the Transhiatal and McKeown esophagectomy group.
| Variables | No leak (N=556) | Leak (N=95) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.00 (58.00–71.00) | 65.00 (58.00–71.00) | 0.937 |
| Male gender | 470 (84.53) | 76 (80.00) | 0.267 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.92 (23.86–30.45) | 27.24 (24.63–32.14) | 0.203 |
| Pre-operative serum creatinine | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) | 0.87 (0.70–1.10) | 0.260 |
| Pre-operative serum albumin | 3.80 (3.50–4.10) | 3.90 (3.50–4.20) | 0.900 |
| Diabetes | 26 (4.68) | 16 (16.84) | <.001 |
| Smoking (within one year) | 131 (23.56) | 25 (26.32) | 0.561 |
| COPD | 39 (7.01) | 10 (10.53) | 0.231 |
| CHF (30 days before surgery) | 3 (0.54) | 0 (0.00) | 0.473 |
| Hypertension (on medications) | 268 (48.20) | 50 (52.63) | 0.425 |
| Weight loss (>10% last 6 months) | 117 (21.04) | 20 (21.05) | 0.998 |
| Steroid use for chronic condition | 17 (3.06) | 2 (2.11) | 0.610 |
| ASA classification | 0.233 | ||
| ASA Class 1 & 2 | 91 (16.40) | 11 (11.58) | |
| ASA Class 3 & 4 | 464 (83.60) | 84 (88.42) | |
| Total operative time (minutes) | 302.00 (228.50–420.00) | 370.00 (243.00–445.00) | 0.020 |
| Surgeon specialty | 0.426 | ||
| Thoracic surgery | 223 (40.11) | 34 (35.79) | |
| General surgery | 333 (59.89) | 61 (64.21) | |
| T (tumor) stage | 0.426 | ||
| T0/Tis | 63 (12.19) | 14 (15.73) | |
| T1 | 165 (31.91) | 25 (28.09) | |
| T2 | 88 (17.02) | 20 (22.47) | |
| T3 | 195 (37.72) | 28 (31.46) | |
| T4 | 6 (1.16) | 2 (2.25) | |
| N (node) stage | 0.520 | ||
| N0 | 323 (61.17) | 48 (53.93) | |
| N1 | 114 (21.59) | 24 (26.97) | |
| N2 | 61 (11.55) | 10 (11.24) | |
| N3 | 30 (5.68) | 7 (7.87) | |
| Pathology | 0.378 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma | 457 (82.34) | 82 (88.17) | |
| Squamous cell | 73 (13.15) | 8 (8.60) | |
| Other malignancy | 25 (4.50) | 3 (8.60) | |
| Perioperative chemotherapy† | 384 (69.69) | 64 (68.09) | 0.755 |
| Perioperative radiotherapy† | 343 (62.25) | 58 (61.70) | 0.919 |
Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD and categorical variables as number (percentage). †, within 90 days of surgery. BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; SD, standard deviation.