Table 3. Comparison of risk factor in PPCs.
| Characteristics | Primary cohort | PSM cohort | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-PPC (n=314) | PPC (n=142) | P value | Non-PPC (n=135) | PPC (n=135) | P value | ||
| Pathologic stage | 0.02 | 0.07 | |||||
| I | 184 (58.6) | 64 (45.1) | 81 (60.0) | 63 (46.7) | |||
| II | 73 (23.2) | 40 (28.2) | 31 (23.0) | 37 (27.4) | |||
| III | 57 (18.2) | 38 (26.8) | 23 (17.0) | 35 (25.9) | |||
| Side of resection | 0.79 | 0.9 | |||||
| Right lobe | 182 (58.0) | 83 (58.5) | 79 (58.5) | 80 (59.3) | |||
| Left lobe | 132 (42.0) | 59 (41.5) | 56 (41.5) | 55 (40.7) | |||
| Surgical approach | 0.03 | 0.045 | |||||
| Open thoracotomy | 80 (25.5) | 54 (38.0) | 35 (25.9) | 49 (36.3) | |||
| VATS | 234 (74.5) | 88 (62.0) | 100 (74.1) | 86 (63.7) | |||
| Resection type | 0.04 | 0.22 | |||||
| More than lobectomy | 22 (7.0) | 20 (14.1) | 11 (8.1) | 20 (14.8) | |||
| Lobectomy | 236 (75.2) | 95 (66.9) | 96 (71.1) | 88 (65.2) | |||
| Sublobar resection | 56 (17.8) | 27 (19.0) | 28 (20.7) | 27 (20.0) | |||
| Histology | 0.46 | 0.99 | |||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 227 (72.3) | 96 (67.6) | 93 (68.9) | 92 (68.1) | |||
| Squamous-cell carcinoma | 81 (25.8) | 44 (30.9) | 40 (29.6) | 41 (30.4) | |||
| Others | 6 (1.9) | 2 (1.4) | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1.5) | |||
| Surgical duration (min) | 170.00±71.40 | 186.90±71.52 | 0.02 | 171.89±74.49 | 187.74±71.91 | 0.07 | |
| Perioperative bleeding (mL) | 140.94±145.12 | 196.83±267.52 | 0.02 | 158.70±167.27 | 190.37±268.87 | 0.24 | |
| Perioperative fluid infusion (mL) | 1,629.30±442.29 | 1,716.90±502.22 | 0.06 | 1,634.44±462.97 | 1,701.11±484.17 | 0.24 | |
| Perioperative blood transfusion | 8 (2.5) | 9 (6.3) | 0.04 | 4 (3.0) | 8 (5.9) | 0.23 | |
| ASA classification | 0.01 | 0.036 | |||||
| ≤ II | 309 (98.4) | 131 (92.3) | 133 (98.5) | 125 (92.6) | |||
| > II | 5 (1.6) | 11 (7.7) | 2 (1.5) | 10 (7.4) | |||
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%). PPC, postoperative pulmonary complications; PSM, propensity score matching; VATS, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists.