Table 5. The details of recurrence and metastasis patterns.
| Characteristics | Nonupstaged (n=285) | Upstaged (n=55) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall recurrence, n (%) | 20 (7.0) | 35 (63.6) | <0.001a |
| Locoregional recurrence, n (%) | 5 (1.8) | 3 (5.5) | 0.123b |
| Hilar or/and mediastinal lymph node metastasis | 2 | 1 | |
| Ipsilateral pulmonary metastasis | 3 | 2 | |
| Distant recurrence, n (%) | 15 (5.3) | 31 (56.4) | <0.001a |
| Contralateral pulmonary metastasis | 1 | 6 | |
| Brain metastasis | 2 | 7 | |
| Bone metastasis | 5 | 7 | |
| Cervical lymph node metastasis | 1 | 2 | |
| Pleural metastasis | 2 | 1 | |
| Supraclavicular lymph node metastasis | 0 | 1 | |
| Larynx metastasis | 0 | 1 | |
| Malignant pleural effusion | 0 | 1 | |
| Contralateral pulmonary and bone metastasis | 1 | 0 | |
| Contralateral pulmonary and brain metastasis | 0 | 1 | |
| Bone and liver metastasis | 1 | 0 | |
| Bone and supraclavicular lymph node metastasis | 0 | 1 | |
| Brain and supraclavicular lymph node metastasis | 0 | 2 | |
| Brain and cervical lymph node metastasis | 0 | 1 | |
| Contralateral pulmonary, pleural, brain, and bone metastasis | 1 | 0 | |
| Brain, bone, liver, and supraclavicular lymph node metastasis | 1 | 0 | |
| Both local and distant recurrence, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.8) | 0.162b |
| Mediastinal and cervical lymph node metastasis | 0 | 1 | |
| Cancer death, n (%) | 10 (3.5) | 20 (36.4) | <0.001b |
a, chi-squared test; b, Fisher exact test.