Table 1.

Parameters and data sources used in this study.

Code	Data name	Resolution	Data source
X1	Gross domestic product (GDP)	1 km	[63]
X2	Population density	1 km	[64]
X3	Precipitation	1 km	[65]
X4	Temperature	1 km
X5	Distance to waterways	1 km	From OpenStreetMap (Accessed 8 May 2021) [66]
X6	Distance to roads	1 km
X7	Aspect	90 m	Calculated based on DEM
X8	Elevation	90 m	SRTM DEM dataset [67,68]
X9	Slope	90 m	Calculated based on DEM
X10	Gross primary productivity (GPP)	0.05°	[69]
X11	Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)	1 km	[70]
-	Land use and land cover	1 km	[71]
-	Enhanced vegetation index (EVI)	1 km	[72]

Note: The data are for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015, and all data are resampled to 1 km for calculation.