Table G.4: National nutritional guidelines/recommendations for supplementing the diet with vitamin D
| Country | Food | Population group | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Food supplements | Patients with osteoporosis | 1 to 1.2 g/day |
| Belgium | Food supplements | From birth and throughout childhood | Up to 10 μg/day |
| Belgium | Food supplements or fortified foods | Take more vitamin D in the winter period | Not specified |
| Belgium | Food supplements or fortified foods | vegans | Not specified |
| Germany | Food supplements | Groups at risk of insufficiency, including people with dark skin, veiled people, frail elderly people | Not specified |
| Denmark | Food supplements | Infants from 2 weeks of age and young children | 10 μg/day |
| Denmark | Food supplements | Children from 4 years of age | 5–10 μg/day (only October–April) |
| Denmark | Food supplements | Adults until 70 years of age | 5–10 μg/day (only October–April) |
| Denmark | Food supplements | Adults above 70 years of age | 20 μg/day |
| Denmark | Food supplements | Adults in nursing homes | 20 μg/day |
| Denmark | Food supplements | People with increased risk of osteoporosis | 20 μg/day |
| Denmark | Food supplements | Pregnant women | 10 μg/day (throughout pregnancy) |
| Denmark | Food supplements | Children and adults with dark skin, or who avoid sunlight, or who wear covering attire | 10 μg/day |
| Denmark | Food supplements | Adults who follow a vegan diet | 10 μg/day (only October–April) |
| Denmark | Food supplements | Children from 2 years of age who follow a vegan diet | 10 μg/day |
| Estonia | Food supplements | Age group: 2 weeks‐24 months | 10 μg/day |
| Estonia | Food supplements or fortified foods | Age group: 2–60 years | up to 10 μg/day |
| Estonia | Food supplements or fortified foods | Age group: >60 years | up to 20 μg/day |
| Finland | Food supplements | Age group: 2 weeks to 12 months | 10 μg/day (2–10 μg depending on the individual feeding, breast milk or amount of infant formula used) |
| Finland | Food supplements | Age group: 1 ‐ < 2 years | 10 μg/day |
| Finland | Food supplements | Age group: 2–17 years | 7.5 μg/day |
| Finland | Food supplements | Age group: 18–60 years | 10 μg/day (If dairy fortified products, fat spreads and/or fish are not used daily in the darkest time of the year (October–March). |
| Finland | Food supplements | Age group: 61–74 years | 10 μg/day (If dairy fortified products, Fat spreads and/or fish are not used daily in the darkest time of the year (October–March). |
| Finland | Food supplements | Individuals, who stay outside very little, are covertly dressed or dark‐skinned | 20 μg/day year‐round |
| Finland | Food supplements | >75 years | 20 μg/day (A smaller dose may be enough for those who regularly use large quantities of fortified milk products fat spreads and/or fish) |
| Finland | Food supplements | Pregnant and lactating women | 10 μg/day |
| Norway | Food supplements | Elderly and those with little or no access to sun exposure | 10 μg/day for adults, 20 μg/day for elderly |
| Poland | Food supplements | Children 1–10 years | 15–25 μg/day (600–1000 IU/day) If insolation guidelines are not fulfilled |
| Poland | Food supplements | Adolescents 11–18 years and adults 19–65 years | 20–50 μg/day (800–2000 IU/day) If insolation guidelines are not fulfilled |
| Poland | Food supplements | Adults >65–75 years and people with a dark complexion | 20–50 μg/day (800–2000 IU/day) |
| Poland | Food supplements | Adults >75 years | 50–100 μg/day (2000–4000 IU/day) |
| Poland | Food supplements | Pregnant and breastfeeding women without factors suggesting vitamin D deficiency | 37.5–50 μg/day (1500–2000 IU/day) |
| Norway | Food supplements | Vegans | Not specified |
| Sweden | Food supplements | Children up to two years of age | 10 μg/day |
| Sweden | Food supplements | Children and adults who do not eat fish and vitamin D‐fortified foods, | 10 μg/day |
| Sweden | Food supplements | Children and adults with limited sun exposure | 10–20 μg/day |
| Sweden | Food supplements | Older adults >75 years | 20 μg/day |
| The Netherlands | Food supplements | Women 4–49 years with dark complexion (tinted) | 10 μg/day |
| The Netherlands | Food supplements | Women 4–49 years who do not get much sun during the day or cover their skin | 10 μg/day |
| The Netherlands | Food supplements | ≥ 70 years | 20 μg/day |
| The Netherlands | Food supplements | Pregnant women | 10 μg/day |
| The Netherlands | Food supplements | Men 4–69 years with dark complexion (tinted) | 10 μg/day |
| The Netherlands | Food supplements | Men 4–69 years who do not get much sun during the day or cover their skin | 10 μg/day |
| Ireland | Food supplements | Infants from birth to 12 months if they are breastfed or taking less than 300 ml or 10 fluid oz (ounces) of infant formula a day | 5 μg/day |
| Ireland | Food supplements | Children 1–4 years during winter months (October–March) | 5 μg/day |
| Ireland | Food supplements | Older adults ≥65 years | 15 μg/day |