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. 2023 Jul 27;9(8):e18760. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18760

Table 7.

Surface roughness parameters of PES membranes.

Sample a b c d e
Raa(nm) 36.8 156 103 193 127
Rqb(nm) 48.8 242 141 247 173
a

Ra: the arithmetic mean of roughness.

b

Rq: the mean square root of roughness.