Table 2.

Overview of clinically relevant parameters and hypothesized associations among signals and clinical endpoints.

Prediction target	Definition	Physiological signals	Paralinguistic signals	Linguistic signals	Visual/behavioral signals	Biochemical signals	Ground truth/validation
OCDa distress (youth)	Stress, fear, worry, disgust, embarrassment, shame, anger, sadness caused by obsessions/compulsions	Change in HRb depending on emotion; increased EDAc and temperature	High activation; negative valence	Negative emotion statements	Negative emotion facial expression; increased movement	Low oxytocin	Biosensor tags; (SUDsd); child negative emotions (CIBe); avoidance (ERPf); child stress (FASg); consequences (CY-BOCSh)
OCD severity	Time spent on, interference, and distress caused by obsessions/compulsions; resistance of and control over obsessions/compulsions	Change in HR depending on emotion; increased EDA and temperature	High activation; negative valence	Negative emotion statements	Negative emotion facial expressions	Low oxytocin	Symptom hierarchy; child negative emotions (CIB); avoidance (ERP); mood and emotion (KIDSCREEN-52)
OCD distress (parent)	Stress, embarrassment, worry, shame, anger, sadness caused by youth’s OCD	Change in HR depending on emotion; increased EDA and temperature	High activation; negative valence	Distress statements	Negative emotion facial expressions	Low oxytocin	Biosensor tags; parent negative emotions (CIB); parent stress (FAS); parental stress (DASSi)
Overdemanding parenting [51]	Expecting youth not to feel distressed despite lived experience [51]	HR, HRVj, EDA; lower resting HRV; asynchrony	High activation; negative valence; asynchrony; interruptions	Example: “You must…”	Negative emotion facial expressions	Low oxytocin; low concordance between parent and child	Intrusiveness, criticism, low validation (CIB); conflict (FESk); low demand (FAS, item 5)
Overprotective parenting [51]	Cognitions/behaviors aimed at protecting child from distress or harm [51]	HR, HRV, EDA; lower resting HRV; asynchrony	Positive valence; asynchrony	Protective statements	Proximity; affective touch	Low oxytocin; low concordance between parent and child	Accommodation (ERP); participation and modification (FAS); autonomy (KIDSCREEN-52)
Supportive parenting [51]	Nonjudgmental, emotional and cognitive, empathy and conviction that child can cope [51]	Higher resting HRV; HR, HRV, EDA; synchrony	Positive valence; entrainment [18]	Accepting and confidence statements [51]	Movement synchrony	High oxytocin; high concordance between parent and child	Youth engagement, parent sensitivity (CIB), synchrony (ERP); discourage avoidance (FAS low score); cohesion (FES); parent relation (KIDSCREEN-52)

^aOCD: obsessive compulsive disorder.

^bHR: heart rate.

^cEDA: electrodermal activity.

^dSUD: subjective unit of distress.

^eCIB: coding interactive behavior [48].

^fERP: exposure and response prevention.

^gFAS: family accommodation scale [43,44].

^hCY-BOCS: Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.

ⁱDASS: depression anxiety and stress scale [41].

^jHRV: heart rate variability.

^kFES: family environment scale [42].