Table 1.
Case reports and case series of DAPs/PsM
| References | Age, years | Gender | Durationa, months | Family historyb | Type | Localization | Histological examination | Dupilumab interruption | Management | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| De novo psoriasis in adult patients | ||||||||||
| Safa and Paumier, (2019) [8] | 55 | M | 2 | No | Plaque | Trunk | Parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, dilated capillaries, and lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis, consistent with psoriasis | No | Topical steroids | Improvement |
| Fowler et al., (2019) [9] | 54 | F | 4 | NA | Plaque | Bilateral upper and lower extremities, chest, back, neck, abdomen, soles, and palms | Acute spongiotic dermatitis with lymphocyte exocytosis | Yes | NA | Improvement |
| 49 | F | 18 | NA | Plaque | Bilateral upper and lower extremities, nail | NA | No | Topical clobetasol | Improvement | |
| Stout et al., (2019) [10] | 59 | F | 1 | NA | Plaque | Bilateral upper and lower extremities | Confluent parakeratosis with absent granular cell layer, regular acanthosis, and thinning of the suprapapillary plates, consistent with classic psoriasis vulgaris | Yes | Topical triamcinolone | Improvement |
| Gori et al., (2019) [11] | 40 | F | 3.5 | No | Guttate | Trunk and extremities | Parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, dilated capillaries, and a lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis | No | Topical calcipotriol betamethasone | Improvement |
| Napolitano et al., (2019) [12] | 74 | F | 6 | No | Plaque | Scalp | Parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, Munro microabscess, and inflammatory dermal infiltrate composed mainly by lymphoplasma cells | No | Clobetasol lotion | Improvement |
| 50 | M | 5 | No | Plaque | Scalp, hands, and upper limbs | Hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, psoriasiform hyperplasia, and dermal infiltrate composed mainly by T lymphocytes and neutrophils | No | Calcipotriene/betamethasone foam | Improvement | |
| 32 | M | 1 | Yes | Plaque | Hands, trunk, and lower limbs | Parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, Munro microabscess, and dermal infiltrate of lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils | Yes | Clobetasol ointment, prednisone tablets NB-UVB |
Insufficient remission | |
| Varma and Levitt, (2020) [13] | 73 | M | 1 | NA | Plaque | Bilateral forearms and right leg | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Schrom et al., (2020) [14] | 80 | M | 2.5 | NA | Plaque | Trunk, arms, lower extremities | Orthokeratosis overlying parakeratosis, very mild spongiosis, lymphocyte exocytosis, and a mild superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate | Yes | NB-UVB | Improvement |
| Ferrucci et al., (2020) [15] | 42 | M | 3 | No | Plaque | Trunk and limbs | Histological diagnosis of psoriasis | Yes | Topical calcipotriene and betamethasone dipropionate foam | Improvement |
| Kim and Yeung, (2020) [16] | 36 | F | 5 | No | Plaque | Knees and shins | Hyperkeratosis with confluent parakeratosis, uniformly elongated rete ridges, the absence of the granular layer, thinning of the suprapapillary plates, and collection of neutrophils in the stratum corneum consistent with Munro’s microabscesses, a superficial perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes | Yes | Topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% | Recurrence |
| Gambichler et al., (2020) [17] | 59 | M | 1 | NA | Erythrodermic | Extremities | Psoriasiform hyperplasia with decreased granular layer and focal parakeratosis, mainly perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates in the dermis | Yes | NA | NA |
| Matsuda et al., (2020) [18] | 60 | M | 3.5 | NA | Plaque | Knees, right condyle to hands, elbows, face | Hyperkeratosis, thinning and disappearance of the stratum, granulosum, and neutrophilic infiltration into the stratum corneum | Yes | Topical steroids | Improvement |
| DeGrazia et al., (2020) [19] | 32 | F | 1 | No | Plaque | Scalp, bilateral inguinal folds | NA | No | Topical steroids | NA |
| 67 | M | 2 | No | Plaque | Scalp | NA | No | Topical steroids | NA | |
| 57 | F | 9 | No | Plaque | Scalp | NA | No | Topical steroids | NA | |
| D’Ambra et al., (2020) [20] | 61 | F | 1 | No | Guttate | Trunk and extremities | NA | No | Clobetasol propionate cream | Improvement |
| 56 | F | 2 | No | Plaque | Scalp, elbows, arms | Hyperplastic epidermis with papillomatosis, hypogranulosis, parakeratosis, and presence of neutrophils in the corneum layer, a slight perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis | No | Calcipotriene/betamethasone dipropionate foam | Improvement | |
| 39 | M | 1 | No | Plaque | Soles | NA | No | Topical corticosteroids | Improvement | |
| Senner et al., (2020) [21] | 40 | M | 1.5 | NA | Plaque | Lower limbs and palms | Acanthosis, papillomatosis, extensive loss of stratum granulosum, parakeratosis, presence of neutrophils in the epidermis, an edema, meandering capillaries, and a lymphocytic infiltrate in the stratum papillary | Yes | Topical steroids, oral prednisone, topic salicylic acid, cyclosporine | Improvement |
| Al-Janabi et al., (2020) [22] | 72 | M | 4 | No | Seborrheic | Scalp, eyebrows, external auditory meatus | NA | No | Clobetasol propionate, salicylic acid 0.5%, distilled coal tar 1% | Improvement |
| Mirza et al., (2021) [23] | 92 | M | 8 | NA | Plaque | Extremities | Acanthosis, parakeratosis with abundant neutrophils, loss of the granular cell layer, minimal spongiosis, dilated capillary loops in the papillary dermis, and a perivascular lymphocyte predominant inflammatory infiltrate | No | Mycophenolate mofetil | Improvement |
| Beaziz et al., (2021) [24] | 45 | F | 12 | No | Plaque | Scalp | NA | No | Topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% | Improvement |
| Maiolini et al., (2021) [25] | 22 | M | 5 | NA | Plaque | Vertex region, left wrist and toes, nail pitting in the fingers | Psoriasiform dermatitis with confluent parakeratosis, spongiosis, exocytosis of lymphocytes, and extravasated red blood cells | NA | Topical betamethasone dipropionate and calcipotriol | Improvement |
| Russo et al., (2021) [26] | 68 | F | 1 | NA | Plaque | Arms and buttocks | Acanthosis, elongation of the epidermal rete ridges, parakeratosis associated with hypogranulosis, sterile intracorneal and subcorneal pustules, lymphohistiocytic and neutrophilic infiltrate in the edematous dermis, subcorneal spongiform pustules of Kogoj | Yes | Oral corticosteroids | Improvement |
| Kurihara et al., (2021) [27] | 34 | M | 30 | NA | Plaque | Arms and trunk | Psoriasiform acanthosis with a diminished granular layer and intracorneal microabscesses within a parakeratotic scale | No | Topical corticosteroids, tacrolimus ointment 0.1%, delgocitinib ointment | Improvement |
| 23 | M | 18 | NA | Plaque | Face | Psoriasiform acanthosis with intracorneal microabscesses | No | Topical corticosteroids, tacrolimus ointment 0.1%, delgocitinib ointment | Improvement | |
| Park et al., (2021) [28] | 24 | M | 2 | NA | Plaque | Palms and soles | Hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, diffuse hypogranulosis, regular rete ridge elongation, suprapapillary thinning | No | Topical corticosteroids | Improvement |
| Flanagan et al., (2022) [29] | 28 | F | 5 | No | Plaque | Scalp, abdomen, proximal extremities | NA | Yes | Topical clobetasol | Improvement |
| Fan et al., (2022) [30] | 25 | F | 2 | No | Reverse | Armpits | NA | Yes | Topical hormonal cream, compound glycyrrhizin | Improvement |
| Incel Uysal and Gunhan, (2022) [31] | 22 | M | 4 | No | Pustular | Dorsal hands | Regular, psoriasiform acanthosis and parakeratosis of the epidermis with elongated rete ridges; subcorneal spongiotic pustule of neutrophil leucocytes, consistent with pustular psoriasis | Yes | Topical corticosteroid and calcipotriol | Improvement |
| Jia et al., (2022) [32] | 23 | M | 2 | NA | Pustular | Lower legs | Parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, epidermal hyperplasia, dilated capillaries, and lymphocyte infiltrate in the upper dermis, dense neutrophil infiltration in the stratum corneum, and subcorneal zone forming spongiform abscesses | Yes | Topical steroids, cyclosporine | Improvement |
| Patruno et al., (2022) [33] | 58 | F | 5.5 | Yes | Plaque | Scalp, hands, and legs | Acanthosis, parakeratosis, exocytosis, hypogranulosis, dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed mainly of lymphoplasma cells, T lymphocytes and Langerhans cells and/or neutrophils, dilated vessels of the superficial derma | Yes | Upadacitinib | Improvement |
| Zhong et al., (2022) [34] | 51 | F | 2 | No | Pustular | Arms and trunk | Parakeratosis, psoriatic hyperplasia, dilated tortuous vessels in the papillary dermis; the superficial dermis was infiltrated by large quantities of perivascular lymphocytes and neutrophils | Yes | Methylprednisolone | Improvement |
| De novo psoriasis in pediatric patients | ||||||||||
| Parker et al., (2021) [35] | 4 | M | 9–12 | No | Plaque and Pustular | Trunk and legs | NA | Yes | Topical corticosteroid, ustekinumab | Improvement |
| 14 | F | 8 | No | Plaque | Face and neck | NA | No | Triamcinolone 0.1% ointment | Improvement | |
| 12 | F | 10 | No | Plaque | Extensor knees | NA | No | Mometasone 0.1% ointment | Improvement | |
| 18 | M | 7 | No | Plaque | Scalp, forehead, neck | NA | No | Triamcinolone 0.1% ointment, betamethasone dipropionate shampoo, clobetasol 0.05% solution | Improvement | |
| 16 | M | 7 | No | Plaque | Left ankle, right knee | NA | No | Mometasone 0.1% ointment | Improvement | |
| 18 | F | 6 | No | Plaque | Abdomen, pubic area, ears, neck, and arms | NA | No | Triamcinolone 0.1% ointment, pimecrolimus cream | Improvement | |
| Park et al., (2021) [28] | 17 | M | 2 | NA | Plaque | Palms and soles | Hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, multifocal hypogranulosis, regular rete ridge elongation | Yes | Cyclosporine | Improvement |
| Ali et al., (2022) [36] | 17 (twin) | M | 5 | No | Plaque | Scalp, face, abdomen, back, upper and lower extensor extremities | Psoriasiform hyperplasia, ectatic capillaries, perivascular lymphocytes infiltration acanthosis with thinning of suprapapillary plates, confluent parakeratosis with the absence of the granular cell layer | Yes | Baricitinib | Improvement |
| Dupilumab-associated flare of preexistent psoriasis | ||||||||||
| Tracey et al., (2018) [7] | 50 | F | 2 | NA | Erythrodermic | Scalp, trunk, bilateral upper and lower extremities | Psoriasiform hyperplasia with diminished granular layer and parakeratotic scale (arm) Acanthosis, mild spongiosis, and intraepidermal neutrophils forming subcorneal pustules (abdomen) |
Yes | Methotrexate, topical steroids | Improvement |
| Dimitrov et al., (2020) [37] | 35 | M | 5 | NA | Plaque | Forehead, arms, lower leg | Characteristic changes of psoriasis | NA | NA | NA |
| Parker et al., (2021) [35] | 9 | F | 3 | NA | Plaque | Elbows | NA | No | Betamethasone dipropionate ointment 0.05% | Improvement |
F, female; M, male; NA, not available.
aTime from dupilumab treatment to onset of psoriasis.
bFamily history of psoriasis.