Table I.

The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of rheumatoid arthritis in 1990 and 2019 and its temporal trends

Characteristics	1990		2019		1990–2019
	ASIR (per 100,000)		ASIR (per 100000)		Change in Number No. (%)	EAPC No. (95% CI)
	No. (95% UI)	Male/female ratio	No. (95% UI)	Male/female ratio
Global	12.21 (11.13, 13.38)	0.452246609	13.00 (11.83, 14.27)	0.456834068	0.89 (0.86, 0.93)	0.30 (0.25, 0.34)
Sex:
Male	7.59 (6.90, 8.34)	#N/A	8.13 (7.38, 8.94)	#N/A	0.93 (0.89, 0.97)	0.30 (0.27, 0.34)
Female	16.79 (15.35, 18.34)	#N/A	17.80 (16.22, 19.52)	#N/A	0.88 (0.84, 0.92)	0.28 (0.23, 0.34)
Sociodemographic index:
Low SDI	12.01 (10.85, 13.21)	0.67900673	13.27 (12.06, 14.56)	0.67686727	1.34 (1.31, 1.37)	0.41 (0.39, 0.44)
Low-middle SDI	13.89 (12.63, 15.29)	0.494562104	15.31 (13.90, 16.84)	0.49379633	1.21 (1.17, 1.25)	0.36 (0.34, 0.38)
Middle SDI	10.65 (9.63, 11.76)	0.441055698	11.48 (10.41, 12.69)	0.440175849	0.96 (0.89, 1.02)	0.31 (0.27, 0.36)
High-middle SDI	10.17 (9.26, 11.23)	0.39917024	11.24 (10.24, 12.38)	0.390297735	0.68 (0.64, 0.73)	0.45 (0.40, 0.51)
High SDI	15.95 (14.73, 17.25)	0.409379239	17.13 (15.77, 18.61)	0.402407933	0.56 (0.53, 0.58)	0.38 (0.31, 0.45)
Region:
Andean Latin America	10.01 (8.93, 11.31)	0.369877417	14.74 (13.16, 16.62)	0.353338703	2.03 (1.84, 2.22)	1.39 (1.32, 1.45)
Australasia	19.12 (17.25, 21.24)	0.401272095	20.89 (18.75, 23.34)	0.415319271	0.88 (0.76, 1.01)	0.43 (0.31, 0.55)
Caribbean	8.84 (7.78, 10.03)	0.367117865	10.77 (9.55, 12.17)	0.36498545	0.82 (0.72, 0.93)	0.72 (0.67, 0.77)
Central Asia	13.57 (12.47, 14.89)	0.509466962	17.33 (15.91, 18.97)	0.49638297	1.03 (0.94, 1.12)	1.00 (0.90, 1.10)
Central Europe	10.82 (9.73, 11.99)	0.397097741	11.44 (10.20, 12.72)	0.396015309	0.10 (0.08, 0.13)	0.35 (0.25, 0.45)
Central Latin America	20.35 (18.54, 22.23)	0.354218057	21.12 (19.29, 23.07)	0.396479785	1.21 (1.15, 1.28)	0.08 (0.05, 0.11)
Central sub-Saharan Africa	9.18 (8.12, 10.32)	0.805363524	10.57 (9.39, 11.92)	0.794644637	1.90 (1.80, 2.00)	0.57 (0.51, 0.62)
East Asia	11.41 (10.31, 12.65)	0.402895658	11.68 (10.56, 12.89)	0.397220022	0.77 (0.69, 0.86)	0.21 (0.12, 0.30)
Eastern Europe	7.19 (6.45, 8.00)	0.336353027	7.61 (6.83, 8.47)	0.336271037	0.02 (0.00, 0.04)	0.24 (0.23, 0.26)
Eastern sub-Saharan Africa	15.05 (13.60, 16.61)	1.18140858	17.02 (15.40, 18.77)	1.180358536	1.63 (1.58, 1.68)	0.52 (0.48, 0.56)
High-income Asia Pacific	14.50 (13.05, 15.99)	0.426506963	14.19 (12.75, 15.65)	0.418795693	0.26 (0.23, 0.30)	0.11 (0.02, 0.20)
High-income North America	18.12 (16.98, 19.40)	0.434755331	21.46 (20.02, 23.09)	0.421625026	0.84 (0.80, 0.88)	0.72 (0.65, 0.79)
North Africa and middle East	4.68 (4.15, 5.30)	0.397950612	5.86 (5.18, 6.63)	0.400154322	1.71 (1.56, 1.84)	0.85 (0.82, 0.88)
Oceania	3.69 (3.20, 4.26)	0.484873161	3.92 (3.40, 4.51)	0.466147277	1.28 (1.18, 1.39)	0.13 (0.10, 0.17)
South Asia	16.66 (15.08, 18.36)	0.457612084	18.09 (16.35, 19.94)	0.450521851	1.40 (1.36, 1.44)	0.29 (0.28, 0.30)
Southeast Asia	5.05 (4.47, 5.68)	0.539259503	5.54 (4.92, 6.24)	0.502100025	1.00 (0.91, 1.10)	0.42 (0.38, 0.46)
Southern Latin America	10.93 (9.78, 12.24)	0.351174024	14.51 (13.16, 16.09)	0.307034541	1.05 (0.95, 1.16)	1.01 (0.92, 1.10)
Southern sub-Saharan Africa	17.51 (15.69, 19.48)	0.803331694	17.16 (15.35, 19.11)	0.831737397	0.80 (0.75, 0.85)	0.03 (–0.01, 0.08)
Tropical Latin America	11.25 (10.07, 12.59)	0.431032297	12.00 (10.74, 13.41)	0.438588534	0.71 (0.64, 0.78)	0.23 (0.20, 0.25)
Western Europe	14.94 (13.64, 16.35)	0.394450077	15.76 (14.35, 17.32)	0.40077144	0.34 (0.30, 0.36)	0.28 (0.22, 0.35)
Western sub-Saharan Africa	3.90 (3.45, 4.40)	1.01199091	4.63 (4.09, 5.23)	1.09353242	1.81 (1.75, 1.86)	0.54 (0.49, 0.59)

ASIR – age-standardized incidence rate, EAPC – estimated annual percentage change, NA – not available, UI – uncertainty interval.