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. 2023 Aug 8;11:178. doi: 10.1186/s40168-023-01604-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Microbiome compositional differences of responders, partial-responders, and non-responders to lifestyle interventions. a Bray–Curtis dissimilarity of longitudinal samples in subjects from no and lifestyle interventions. The two longitudinal no-intervention cohorts were combined in the first box. Bray–Curtis indexes dot colors indicate the microbiome response classification group by coral, blue, and green for non-responders, partial-responders, and responders, respectively. The two red dash lines represent the mean + SD and mean + 2*SD of the Bray–Curtis dissimilarities in the no-intervention cohorts as cutoffs to differentiate significant microbiome compositional changes from normal microbiome fluctuation. (CTL: study with no intervention; I_MWP: intervention study with multidisciplinary weight-loss program; I_LCD: intervention study with low-carbohydrate diet; I_HFD: intervention study with high-fiber diet; I_HRS: intervention study with high-resistant starch; I_ETP: intervention study with exercise training program). b Principal coordinate analysis of Bray–Curtis dissimilarity in non-responders, partial-responders, and responders to lifestyle interventions. c Relative abundances of the significant species using ordinal regression among non-responders, partial-responders, and responders groups (p < 0.05)