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. 2023 Jul 25;14:1233546. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233546

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Copyright © 2023 Fissolo, Calvo-Barreiro, Eixarch, Boschert, Villar, Costa-Frossard, Ferrer, Sanchez, Borràs, Sabidó, Espejo, Montalban and Comabella

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Ex vivo validation of selected candidate biomarkers by qPCR. Expression levels of the genes NHLRC2 and PPIF (A), and the miRNAs miR-30b-5p and miR-30e-5p (B) were determined by qPCR in samples obtained from PBMCs of MS patients (N=5) treated with cladribine at baseline and after 3 and 12 months of treatment. Graphs are expressed as fold-change in gene and miRNA expression relative to baseline. *p-value <0.05, **p-value <0.01 (One-way ANOVA with repeated measures following a Dunnett multiple comparisons test, taking the baseline condition as reference). For the sake of clarity, only significant p-values are shown in the graphs. NHLRC2, NHL repeat containing 2. PPIF, Cyclophilin D.