Table 2.

Comparison of the existing biophilic design frameworks and the new conceptual framework.

Existing Biophilic Design Frameworks and Guidelines				The New Conceptual Framework for Biophilic Design in Therapeutic Environments
Dimensions, Elements and Attributes of Biophilic Design	The Practice of Biophilic Design	14 Patterns of Biophilic Design	Nature Inside: A Biophilic Design Guideline
General to all typologies	General to all typologies	General to all typologies	General to all typologies but with examples of different typologies	Specific to non-clinical therapeutic environments
Unnecessary categorical division and insufficient definition of parameters	Adequate definition of the parameters	Adequate definition of the parameters	No definition of the parameters	Adequate definition of the parameters
Slightly supported by scientific knowledge	Moderately supported by scientific knowledge	Supported by scientific knowledge	Moderately supported by scientific knowledge	Fully Supported by scientific knowledge
No reference to cultural or regional characteristics	No reference to cultural or regional characteristics	No reference to cultural or regional characteristics	No reference to cultural or regional characteristics	Based on the UK context: Western culture and humid temperate climate
No indications of an order of importance for parameters	No indications of an order of importance for parameters	No indications of an order of importance for parameters	No indications of an order of importance for parameters	Hierarchised and standardised recommendations, based on order of importance in the use of parameters
Very rarely included guidelines for practice	Occasionally included guidelines for practice	Included general guidelines for practice	Included guidelines for practice based on specific examples	Included detailed general and specific guidelines for therapeutic environment practice