Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Authors | Year of publication | Title | Main research objectives | Applications | Level of Evidence* | Study results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wang Yan [14] | 2022 | Reform status and exploration of higher medical education under the background of artificial intelligence. | Proposes important measures to promote medical education in the age of AI. | Complementary medicine; Medical robot; Intelligent health management. | V | It is recommended that the government introduce relevant policies to support the development of AI. |
| Zou Luxi [15] | 2021 | Research on the current situation and problems of applying artificial intelligence in medical education. | Advancing research on AI in the field of medical education. | Apple Watch; Smartphone monitoring system; Predicting disease risk. | V | Increase investment and focus in “AI+Healthcare Education”. |
| Dai Shaochun [16] | 2021 | Development Prospect of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Assistant Education. | Introducing the future of AI in paramedical education. | Analysis of the learning situation; Personalized Learning. | V | Summarized the possible development direction of future artificial intelligence. |
| Ai Feiyan [31] | 2021 | The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostics Teaching. | Analyze the disadvantages of AI teaching and the advantages of teaching. | Teaching Diagnostics. | V | Academic hardware and software equipment still needs to be strengthened, and teachers need to fully understand artificial intelligence. |
| Liu Dalu [23] | 2021 | Cultivating practical literacy of machine learning for medical students. | Describe the current state of machine learning practice goals. | Auxiliary diagnosis; Help with treatment decisions. | IV | Work still needs to continue on adding machine learning to medical student practice. |
| Li Xinchun [24] | 2021 | Application Prospects of Artificial Intelligence Assisting Teaching Mode in Medical Imaging. | Discussing the value of AI to inform training in Integrative Medicine. | Promote the integration and optimization of impact expertise and educational resources; Help promote the construction of a new type of education; Promoting faculty development. | V | Artificial intelligence + medical education will be the direction of the times. |
| Li Honghao [17] | 2020 | Status, problems and countermeasures of artificial intelligence application in medical education. | The problems of AI in medical education are analyzed and corresponding solutions are proposed. | Virtual Reality Technology; 5G technology; cloud computing; big data analysis; wearable devices; Internet of things technology. | V | “Artificial Intelligence + Medical Education” to enhance technology, maintain equity and promote development. |
| Liu Jizhou [25] | 2020 | A Brief Introduction to the Practice of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine as an Inspiration for Medical Education. | A call for physicians and medical students in the new context of AI to actively adapt themselves to the new era of smart medicine. | Ancillary Diagnosis; Virtual Reality Technology. | V | In the future, physicians should strengthen their data processing capabilities. |
| Zhong Min [26] | 2020 | Current Situation and Consideration of Artificial Intelligence Application in Medical Education. | The current situation of AI application in medical education is analyzed, and its application prospect, ethics, and safety protection are deeply considered and discussed. | Comprehensive Course Analysis; Assisted Learning; Learning Assessment. | V | In the future, more research is needed to assess the value of AI in medical education. |
| Li Yi [27] | 2018 | On Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Clinical Skill Training of Medical Students. | Exploring the application of AI in teaching clinical skills to medical students education. | Aids in analyzing test results and helping physicians make decisions; Aids in developing medical students’ interrogation and clinical practice skills. | V | The role of artificial intelligence technology in medical diagnosis and teaching will become increasingly prominent. |
| Simpson SA [28] | 2020 | Artificial Intelligence and the Trainee Experience in Radiology. | Exactly what role AI will play in the future practice of radiology remains undefined. | Flipped Classroom; Support radiologists in making decisions. | V | Predicted the future of artificial intelligence in medical education. |
| Michael Tran Duong [29] | 2019 | Artificial intelligence for precision education in radiology. | We highlight an AI-integrated framework to augment radiology education and provide use case examples informed by our own institution’s practice. | Developed an adaptive radiology interpretation and education system to assist radiologists. | V | Integrating AI into radiology precision education requires a dynamic collaboration from research, clinical, and educational perspectives. |
| Ken Masters [18] | 2019 | Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education. | The impact of AI on the methods and content of medical education is pointed out. | Using Big Data to Impact Medical Education. | V | In the future, medical students need to be educated about artificial intelligence. |
| Juehea Lee [18] | 2021 | Artificial Intelligence in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review. | Aims to identify gaps and key themes in the peer-reviewed literature on AI training in UME. | Facilitating clinician decision-making through big data; facilitating learning for undergraduate and graduate medical students. | IV | Proposal to include artificial intelligence in medical education curriculum. |
| Fischetti C [19] | 2022 | The Evolving Importance of Artificial Intelligence and Radiology in Medical Trainee Education. | Survey of radiology education in the current medical education curriculum. | Auxiliary radiology undergraduate studies. | V | AI has the potential to impact the opportunity to triage and organize excess medical images. |
| Nita G [20] | 2021 | Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Medical Education in Ophthalmology. | Exploring AI in ophthalmology, the medical community’s view of AI, the need to adopt AI in medical education. | Assist physicians in ophthalmology to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. | V | It is recommended that the government take the lead in designing a comprehensive artificial intelligence curriculum. |
| Charlotte Blease [21] | 2022 | Machine learning in medical education: a survey of the experiences and opinions of medical students in Ireland. | Assessing the experiences and opinions of final year medical students throughout Ireland about their exposure to AI/ML during their entire degree programme. | Undergraduate Medical Student Education. | IV | In Ireland, about two-thirds of respondents said they had no time to learn AI/ML. Most medical students believe that AI/ML should be included in the main curriculum. |
| Wartman SA [22] | 2018 | Medical Education Must Move From the Information Age to the Age of Artificial Intelligence. | Advocate more in-depth educational reform and bring AI into medical education. | Undergraduate medical education, postgraduate medical education, and continuing medical education. | V | Future medical students need to take artificial intelligence courses. |
| Han ER [30] | 2019 | Medical education trends for future. Physicians in the era of advanced technology and artificial intelligence: an integrative review. | To identify and synthesize the values that medical educators need to implement in the curricula and to introduce representative educational programs. | Undergraduate Medical Education. | IV | Doctors of the future will use AI to do their work. |
| Kirubarajan A [38] | 2022 | Artificial Intelligence and Surgical Education: A Systematic Scoping Review of Interventions. | To synthesize peer-reviewed evidence related to the use of AI in surgical education. | Surgical education. | IV | Identified the current status of the use of various interventions of AI in surgical education. |
| Bisdas S [34] | 2021 | Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: A Multinational Multi-Center Survey on the Medical and Dental Students’ Perception. | Sources of information about AI, AI applications, AI status as a topic in medicine, and students’ feelings and attitudes. | Medical Education and Dentistry; | IV | The majority of dental students across all continents have a positive attitude toward AI and want to include it in their curriculum. |
| Briganti G [35] | 2020 | Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Today and Tomorrow. | Discusses the recent scientific literature on AI+medicine and provides a perspective on its dilemma. | The detection of atrial fibrillation, epilepsy seizures, and hypoglycemia, or the diagnosis of disease based on histopathological examination or medical imaging. | V | The current state of AI in healthcare is discussed and recommendations for ethical issues are made. |
| Dumić-Čule I [33] | 2020 | The importance of introducing artificial intelligence to the medical curriculum - assessing practitioners’ perspectives. | To assess attitudes toward the importance of introducing AI education in the medical school curriculum and to assess medical students’ attitudes toward the introduction of AI in the curriculum. | Radiology undergraduate and graduate education. | IV | There is a strong consensus among radiologists and radiology residents about the need for AI education as part of the medical school curriculum. |
| Park CJ [36] | 2021 | Medical Student Perspectives on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Practice of Medicine. | To assess U.S. medical students’ perceptions of radiology and other medical specialties as they relate to AI. | Radiology Field. | IV | AI will play a significant role in medicine, particularly in radiology. |
| Pinto Dos Santos D [37] | 2019 | Medical students’ attitude towards artificial intelligence: a multicentre survey. | To assess undergraduate medical students’ attitudes towards AI in radiology and medicine. | Radiology and Medical Training. | IV | Medical students’ attitudes toward AI are diametrically opposed to media reports that they are not worried about being replaced by AI. |
*
Evidence levels were as described by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence.