Figure 4.

TGF-β1 signaling affected the EMT pathway in the Caco-2/RAW264.7 co-culture model. (A) Expression changes of EMT-related markers at the transcript level in the Caco-2/RAW264.7 co-culture model after treatment with 2 µM of A83-01. LPS-treated and LPS-untreated cells in the co-cultured system were considered as the control (Ctrl) and non-inflamed groups. (B) Protein expression levels of VIM, β-CATENIN, α-SMA, and E-CADHERIN in the Caco-2/RAW264.7 co-culture model. β-actin was used as a loading control. (C) The histogram represented the intensity of proteins for each group which was normalized to the β-actin band. Results are presented as the mean ± SEM. In vitro analyses were performed in three biological replicates. *, **, and *** refer to the adjusted P value < 0.05, <0.01, and <0.001, respectively.