. 2023 Aug 8;131(8):087004. doi: 10.1289/EHP12351

Table 2.

Associations of serum PFAS concentrations with trajectories of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in the SWAN-MPS cohort (1999–2016, $lowercase italic n equals 1130$ ).

PFAS	Total cholesterol			LDL cholesterol			HDL cholesterol			Triglycerides
PFAS	Trajectory	OR (95% CI)^a	p-Value^b	Trajectory	OR (95% CI)^a	p-Value^b	Trajectory	OR (95% CI)^a	p-Value^b	Trajectory	OR (95% CI)^a	p-Value^b
n- PFOA	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 361$ )	1.00	—	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 368$ )	1.00	—	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 427$ )	1.00	—	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 716$ )	1.00	—
	Middle ( $lowercase italic n equals 557$ )	0.99 (0.84, 1.18)	0.95	Middle ( $lowercase italic n equals 546$ )	1.03 (0.87, 1.22)	0.74	Middle ( $lowercase italic n equals 468$ )	0.99 (0.84, 1.17)	0.96	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 414$ )	0.86 (0.73, 1.02)	0.16
	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 212$ )	0.96 (0.78, 1.18)	0.70	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 216$ )	1.00 (0.82, 1.23)	0.99	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 235$ )	1.02 (0.82, 1.26)	0.95	—	—	—
PFNA	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 361$ )	1.00	—	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 368$ )	1.00	—	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 427$ )	1.00	—	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 716$ )	1.00	—
	Middle ( $lowercase italic n equals 557$ )	1.07 (0.91, 1.25)	0.58	Middle ( $lowercase italic n equals 546$ )	1.10 (0.94, 1.29)	0.27	Middle ( $lowercase italic n equals 468$ )	1.13 (0.96, 1.34)	0.65	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 414$ )	0.84 (0.72, 0.98)	0.12
	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 212$ )	1.21 (0.98, 1.49)	0.11	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 216$ )	1.18 (0.96, 1.44)	0.17	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 235$ )	1.13 (0.92, 1.39)	0.62	—	—	—
n-PFOS	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 361$ )	1.00	—	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 368$ )	1.00	—	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 427$ )	1.00	—	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 716$ )	1.00	—
	Middle ( $lowercase italic n equals 557$ )	1.08 (0.92, 1.27)	0.57	Middle ( $lowercase italic n equals 546$ )	1.14 (0.97, 1.34)	0.17	Middle ( $lowercase italic n equals 468$ )	1.04 (0.88, 1.22)	0.96	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 414$ )	0.86 (0.74, 1.01)	0.16
	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 212$ )	1.22 (0.99, 1.49)	0.11	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 216$ )	1.28 (1.04, 1.57)	0.04	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 235$ )	0.99 (0.80, 1.23)	0.95	—	—	—
Sm-PFOS	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 361$ )	1.00	—	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 368$ )	1.00	—	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 427$ )	1.00	—	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 716$ )	1.00	—
	Middle ( $lowercase italic n equals 557$ )	1.10 (0.96, 1.26)	0.46	Middle ( $lowercase italic n equals 546$ )	1.19 (1.03, 1.36)	0.15	Middle ( $lowercase italic n equals 468$ )	0.96 (0.83, 1.11)	0.96	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 414$ )	0.97 (0.84, 1.10)	0.72
	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 212$ )	1.20 (1.00, 1.44)	0.11	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 216$ )	1.25 (1.05, 1.49)	0.04	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 235$ )	0.95 (0.79, 1.13)	0.91	—	—	—
PFHxS	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 361$ )	1.00	—	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 368$ )	1.00	—	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 427$ )	1.00	—	Low ( $lowercase italic n equals 716$ )	1.00	—
	Middle ( $lowercase italic n equals 557$ )	1.16 (1.02, 1.31)	0.12	Middle ( $lowercase italic n equals 546$ )	1.12 (0.99, 1.26)	0.15	Middle ( $lowercase italic n equals 468$ )	1.07 (0.94, 1.21)	0.85	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 414$ )	0.97 (0.86, 1.10)	0.72
	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 212$ )	1.17 (1.00, 1.36)	0.11	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 216$ )	1.11 (0.96, 1.30)	0.20	High ( $lowercase italic n equals 235$ )	1.15 (0.98, 1.34)	0.45	—	—	—

Note: —, no data; CI, confidence interval; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; n-PFOA, linear perfluorooctanoic acid; n-PFOS, linear perfluorooctanesulfonic acid; OR, odds ratio; PFAS, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; PFHxS, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid; PFNA, perfluorononanoic acid; Sm-PFOS, sum of perfluoromethylheptane sulfonic acid isomers; SWAN-MPS, SWAN-Multi-Pollutant Study: .

^{^a}

ORs and their 95% CIs per doubling of each PFAS concentration.

^{^b}

Adjusted $p$ -value based on false discovery rate. The models were adjusted for $site \times race / ethnicity$ , age, education, menopausal status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity, and total energy intake.