Table 3. Other study determinants .
| Author | Salivary cotinine (after therapy) | Urine cotinine (after therapy) | Dropouts | Quit rate | Adverse effects |
| Leelarungrayub et al20 | 4.76 ppm | 7.1ppm | 5% | 15% | Decreased locomotor activity and exploratory behavior subsided by exercise |
| Sood et al21 | < 8 ppm | - | 43% | 15% | Mild GI disturbance, insomnia, headache |
| Barnes et al22 | < 10 ng/mL | < 10 ppm | 12% | 37% | Mild GI disturbance |
| Chaikoolvatana et al23 | 1.89 | 5 ppm | 10% | 40% | Dry mouth, insomnia |
| De Almeida Cunha et al24 | - | - | 5% | 68% | Reduced craving, improved anxiety |
| Lawvere et al25 | 3.35 ng/ml | - | 10% | 37.5% | Mild symptoms like change in bowel movement, constipation, dizziness |
| Lee et al26 | 1.89 ppm | 24.5 mmol/L | 14% | 38% | Reduced craving |
| Rungruanghiranya et al27 | 4.3 ppm | 5.6 ppm | 11% | 55.3% | Tooth sensitivity, sore mouth, dyspepsia |
| Parsons et al28 | 2.2 | 3.4 | 66% | 54% | Nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, mood swings |
| Rose et al29 | - | - | 3% | 73% | Reduced craving, mild airway irritation |
| Lertsinudom et al30 | 5.7 ppm | - | 2% | 35.9% | Numb tongue, stomachache, dry mouth |
| Wongwiwatthananukit et al31 |
- | 6.3 ppm | 20.3% | 54% | Tongue numbness, abdominal discomfort, craving reduction |