Table 1.

Manipulations by issue.

Issue frame	High-expertise cues	Low-expertise cues
Birth control	Medical doctor	Journalist
Parental leave	Economist at the Bureau of Labor Statistics	Journalist
Wage	Economist and business consultant	Journalist
Automatic voter registration	F.E.C. senior elections lawyer	F.E.C. legal clerk
Drone strikes	C.I.A. counterintelligence strategist	United States Embassy language translator
Trade tariffs	Assistant to the United States Trade Representative	Department of Transportation clerk