表 1. Characteristics of ontologies for diabetes treatment.
糖尿病治疗相关的本体及其特点
| Name of ontology or developer (Released date/update date) | Domain/objective | Main components | Source of knowledge | Language and tool | Main terminology | Top-level ontology or standards | Reused existing ontology | Used in clinical practice | ||
| Need patient medical records | Knowledge base | Rule | ||||||||
| CDO: Chinese diabetes ontology; BFO: basic formal ontology; OGMS: ontology for general medical science; HPO: human phenotype ontology; DOID: human disease ontology; DRON: the drug ontology; LOINC: the logical observation identifiers names and codes system; NDF-RT: national drug file-reference terminology; SYMP: the symptom ontology; CPT: current procedure terminology; GO: gene ontology; OMDP: ontology-based model for diabetic patients; HL7: health level 7; FHIR: fast healthcare interoperability resources; FASTO: FHIR and SSN-based T1D ontology; DMO: diabetes management ontology; SWRL: semantic web rule language; OWL: web ontology language; DL: description logic; SSN: semantic sensor network ontology; OAE: ontology of adverse events; DINTO: the drug-drug interactions ontology; PATO: phenotype and trait ontology; SMASH: semantic mining of activity, social, and health ontology; DMTO: diabetes mellitus treatment ontology; DDO: diabetes mellitus diagnosis ontology; UO: units of measurement ontology; OGMD: ontology of glucose metabolism disorder; UMLS: unified medical language system; BMI: body mass index; EHR: electronic health record; NICE: the national institute for health and care and excellence; CPGs: clinical practice guidelines. * The OWL of the ontology is available; NA: not available. | ||||||||||
| CDO (2021/2022)[44] | Knowledge base | Yes | Patient profileExercise and dietBasic knowledge of diabetes Treatment plansMedication and interaction | SWRL | NA | Protégé OWL2 SWRL | SNOMED-CT | BFO OGMS | HPO DOID DRON | No |
| MADHUSANKA S (2020)[45]* | Knowledge base | Yes | Clinical practice guideline | OWL2 | CPGs | Protégé OWL2 | NA | NA | NA | No |
| BRAVO M (2020)[35]* | Patient profile | Yes | Patient profileExercise and dietBMIMedication Treatment plans | Not applicable | Other ontologies | Protégé OWL2 | LOINC | NA | NDF-RT DOID SYMP | No |
| SHERIMON P C (2020)[50]* | Treatment | Yes | Patient profileExercise and dietBasic knowledge of diabetesTreatment plansMedication and interaction | OWL2 | NICE guidelines | Protégé OWL2 | NA | NA | NA | No |
| OMDP (2019/NA)[34]* | Prognosis Diagnosis Treatment | Yes | GenePatient profileExercise and dietBasic knowledge of diabetesTimeTreatment plansMedication and interaction | SWRL | CPGs Domain expert Literature EHR | Protégé OWL2 SWRL | RxNorm SNOMED CT LOINC CPT | BFO OGMS | DOID SYMP GO Diet ontology Physical activity ontology | No |
| FASTO (2018/2018)[46] | Treatment for type 1 diabetes | Yes | Sensor dataPatient value and preferencePatient profileExercise and dietBasic knowledge of diabetesTimeTreatment plansMedication and interaction | SWRL | CPGs Domain expert Literature Official web sites EHR | Protégé 5.1 OWL2 SWRL | RxNorm, SNOMED CT, LOINC | BFO SSN HL7 FHIR | Vital-sign ontology DDO DMTO SWRL TO OAE | No |
| DMTO (2017/2017)[36] | Treatment | Yes | Patient profileExercise and dietBasic knowledge of diabetesTimeTreatment plansMedication and interaction | SWRL DL-safe | CPGs Domain expert Literature Official web sites EHR Book | Protégé 5.0 SWRL OWL2 | SNOMED CT RxNorm NDF-RT | BFO OGMS | DDO DINTO RO SMASH PATO OntoFood SYMP TIME | No |
| DDO (before2015/NA)[47]* | Diagnosis | Yes | Patient profileExercise and dietMedicationBasic knowledge of diabetes | SWRL | CPGs Domain expert Literature Official web sites EHR Book | Protégé 5.0 SWRL OWL2 | SNOMED CT RxNorm NDF-RT UMLS | BFO OGMS | DOID SYMP UO OGMD | No |
| CHEN R C (2016/NA)[51]* | Determining the ranking of antidiabetic medications | Yes | Patient profileExercise and dietBasic knowledge of diabetesMedication and interaction | Fuzzy Jena TOPSIS algorithm | CPGs Domain expert EHR | Protégé WebProtégé Jena OWL2 | NA | NA | NA | No |
| IRS-T2D (2016/NA)[52]* | Treatment | Yes | Patient profileExercise and dietBasic knowledge of diabetesTreatment plansMedication and interaction | SWRL OWL2 | Domain expert Literature | Protégé OWL SWRL | NA | NA | NA | No |
| OntoDiabetic (2015/NA)[53]* | Assessing risk factors and treatment | Yes | Patient profileExercise and dietBasic knowledge of diabetesTreatment plansMedication and interaction | DL-safe OWL2 | CPGs | Protégé OWL2 DL-safe | NA | NA | AnsweredQuestionnaire ontology AdaptiveQuestionnaire ontology | No |
| DMO (2014/NA)[49]* | Patient register, automated system for EHR data | Yes | Patient profileBasic knowledge of diabetesMedication | NA | CPGs Domain expert | Protégé 4.3 | SNOMED CT | NA | NA | No |
| CHEN R C (2012/NA)[54]* | Antidiabetic medications selection | Yes | Patient profileExercise and dietBasic knowledge of diabetesMedication and interaction | SWRL | CPGs | Protégé SWRL OWL DL | NA | NA | NA | No |