Table 1.

Summary of NDD characterization studies discussed in this review.

Reference	Sample Type	Technique	Result
[98]	Postmortem ASD brain	Bulk RNA	First definition of molecular pathology in ASD or any psychiatric disorder. Identified ASD-associated neuronal immune-glial modules.
[65]	Neurotypical fetal brain	Bulk RNA	ASD risk genes are enriched in neocortical development, most prominently glutamatergic layer 2/3 neurons.
[106]	Neurotypical brain	Bulk RNA	Seeded networks from nine ASD genes identify dysregulation of deep layer projection neurons.
[108]	Postmortem ASD brain	miRNA	Identified miRNAs and co-regulated modules perturbed in ASD
[91]	Postmortem ASD brain	H3K27ac ChIP-seq	greater than 2/3 of syndromic and idiopathic ASD cases share a common acetylome signature
[76]	Postmortem ASD brain	Bulk RNA, miRNA, DNAm, H3K27ac	Two ASD subtypes defined by transcriptomic and epigenetic signatures
[71]	iPSC-derived ASD neurons	Immunoprecipitation	ASD perturbed genes are enriched in layer 2/3 cortical neurons
[36]	iPSC-derived SCZ neurons	Immunoprecipitation	SCZ-perturbed genes are downregulated in layer 5/6 cortical neurons
[23]	Postmortem ASD, BD, SCZ, and neurotypical brain	Bulk RNA, Microarray	Disease-specific and shared expression modules; Shared modules include increased inflammation and excitatory neuron signaling