Table 3.

Multilevel models of Gay-Straight Alliances (GSA), school and individual characteristics associated with experiences of homophobic bullying

	Homophobic bullying
	Model 1 OR (SE)	Model 2 OR (SE)	Model 3 OR (SE)	Model 4 OR (SE)
Student
Femalea	0.75 (0.04)***	0.75 (0.04)***	0.76 (0.04)***	0.76 (0.04)***
Age	0.88 (0.02)***	0.88 (0.02)***	0.88 (0.02)***	0.88 (0.02)***
Latinob	0.91 (0.06)	0.91 (0.06)	0.91 (0.06)	0.91 (0.06)
Am. Indian/Alaska Natc.	1.07 (0.11)	1.07 (0.11)	1.06 (0.11)	1.06 (0.11)
Asianc	0.68 (0.05)***	0.69 (0.05)***	0.69 (0.05)***	0.69 (0.05)***
Blackc	0.97 (0.11)	0.98 (0.11)	0.98 (0.11)	0.97 (0.1)
Nat. Haw./ Pac. Isl.c	1.23 (0.14)	1.24 (0.14)	1.24 (0.14)	1.24 (0.14)
Mixed racesc	1.01 (0.05)	1.01 (0.05)	1.01 (0.05)	1.01 (0.05)
No race reportedc	0.72 (0.06)***	0.72 (0.06)***	0.72 (0.06)***	0.72 (0.06)***
LGBQd	7.68 (0.38)***	7.68 (0.38)***	8.18 (0.38)***	8.21 (0.38)***
Transgendere	2.21 (0.46)***	2.2 (0.45)***	2.25 (0.46)***	2.21 (0.52)***
School climate (stud.)	0.58 (0.02)***	0.58 (0.02)***	0.53 (0.02)***	0.53 (0.02)***
School
Enrollment	1.01 (0.01)	1.01 (0.01)	1.01 (0.01)	1.01 (0.01)
%FRMP	1.34 (0.26)	1.48 (0.29)	1.46 (0.29)	1.46 (0.28)
N GSA members	0.95 (0.01)***	0.95 (0.01)***	0.95 (0.01)***	0.95 (0.01)***
GSA functioning	0.98 (0.04)	0.95 (0.04)	0.95 (0.04)	0.96 (0.04)
School climate (school)	1.01 (0.06)	1.02 (0.05)	1.02 (0.05)	1.02 (0.05)
Interactions
GSA functioning X School climate (school)		1.12 (0.04)	1.12 (0.04)**	1.12 (0.04)**
LGBQ
School climate (stud.) X LGBQ			1.37 (0.11)***	1.37 (0.12)***
Transgender
GSA functioning X School climate (stud.)				1.01 (0.04)
GSA functioning X Trans				1.23 (0.26)
School climate (stud.) X Trans				0.88 (0.17)
GSA functioning X School climate (stud.) X Trans				1.86 (0.35)***

^*p < 0.05

^**p < 0.01

^***p < 0.001

Reference groups for categorical variables are:

^aMale

^bNon-Latino

^cWhite

^dNon-LGBQ

^eCisgender