Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of overall survival time in localized-stage PDAC (Cox proportional hazard model)
| Variables | No. of patients (%) | Univariate analyses | Multivariate analyses | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | Hazard ratio# (95% CI) | P value | ||||
| Age (years) | |||||||
| < 65 | 10 (23.3%) | ||||||
| ≥ 65 | 33 (76.7%) | 1.54 (0.57–4.15) | 0.37 | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||
| < 25 | 40 (93.0%) | ||||||
| ≥ 25 | 3 (7.0%) | 0.87 (0.20–3.75) | 0.85 | ||||
| Body weight loss | |||||||
| Absent | 25 (78.1%) | ||||||
| Present | 7 (21.9%) | 1.95 (0.67–5.64) | 0.22 | ||||
| Performance status | |||||||
| 0 | 34 (79.1%) | ||||||
| ≥ 1 | 9 (20.9%) | 1.45 (0.57–3.69) | 0.44 | ||||
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 21 (48.8%) | ||||||
| Male | 22 (51.2%) | 0.97 (0.43–2.17) | 0.94 | ||||
| CEA | |||||||
| ≤ 5.0 | 31 (72.1%) | ||||||
| > 5.0 | 12 (27.9%) | 0.65 (0.24–1.74) | 0.68 | ||||
| CA19-9 | |||||||
| ≤ 37 | 16 (37.2%) | ||||||
| > 37 | 27 (62.8%) | 1.29 (0.55–3.03) | 0.68 | ||||
| Family history | |||||||
| Absent | 39 (90.7%) | ||||||
| Present | 4 (9.3%) | 0.97 (0.048–2.72) | 0.36 | ||||
| Alcohol consumption | |||||||
| < 50 g/day | 40 (93.0%) | ||||||
| ≥ 50 g/day | 3 (7.0%) | 1.27 (0.37–4.34) | 0.70 | ||||
| Smoking history | |||||||
| Absent | 23 (53.5%) | ||||||
| Present | 20 (46.5%) | 0.96 (0.43–2.16) | 0.93 | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | |||||||
| Absent | 24 (55.8%) | ||||||
| Present | 19 (44.2%) | 0.84 (0.37–1.90) | 0.68 | ||||
| IPMN | |||||||
| Absent | 33 (76.7%) | ||||||
| Present | 10 (23.3%) | 1.31 (0.48–3.56) | 0.68 | ||||
| Tumor size | |||||||
| < 20 | 17 (60.5%) | ||||||
| ≥ 20 | 26 (39.5%) | 1.85 (0.76–4.50) | 0.18 | ||||
| Tumor location | |||||||
| Body/tail | 12 (27.9%) | ||||||
| Head | 31 (72.1%) | 2.35 (0.80–6.89) | 0.09 | ||||
| Histological grade | |||||||
| Well/moderately differentiated | 42 (97.7%) | ||||||
| Poorly differentiated | 1 (2.3%) | 0.03 (0.00–16.68) | 0.28 | ||||
| Residual tumor status | |||||||
| R0 | 35 (81.4%) | ||||||
| R1 or R2 | 8 (18.6%) | 4.15 (1.65–10.47) | < 0.001 | 5.22 | (1.97–13.8) | < 0.001 | |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | |||||||
| Absent | 42 (97.7%) | ||||||
| Present | 1 (2.3%) | 0.05 (0.00–1015.4) | 0.55 | ||||
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | |||||||
| Absent | 11 (25.6%) | ||||||
| Present | 32 (74.4%) | 0.48 (0.19–1.21) | 0.12 | 0.47 | (0.18–1.21) | 0.12 | |
| Sarcopenia | |||||||
| Absent | 22 (51.2%) | ||||||
| Present | 21 (48.8%) | 2.50 (1.06–5.89) | 0.04 | 2.58 | (1.06–6.25) | 0.04 | |
PDAC pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, BMI body mass index, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9 carbohydrate antigen 19-9, IPMN intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, SMI skeletal muscle mass index #The hazard ratio was adjusted for residual tumor status, adjuvant chemotherapy, and sarcopenia.