Table 1.

Summary of the RRAM Binary storage media and their properties

Media type	Storage Media	Switching Mode	Operation voltage ($V_{\mathrm{SET}}$, $V_{\mathrm{RESET}}$)V	ON/OFF (ratio)	Endurance (cycles)	Ref
	TaO${}_x$	B	$\sim$2.5, $\sim$−3	$\sim$7	150	[134]
	CrO${}_x$	B	$\sim$0.8, $\sim$−0.8	>10${}^2$	6$\times$10${}^4$	[151]
	MnO${}_x$	B	$\sim$8, $\sim$2	>10${}^4$	>10${}^5$	[152]
	ZnO${}_x$	B, U	$\sim$1, $\sim$−1	$\sim$10	240	[161]
	SiO${}_x$	B	4, −2	NA	>10${}^4$	[164]
	TiO${}_x$	B, U	$\sim$2, $\sim$−1.5	2	100	[165]
	AlO${}_x$	B	1.4, $\sim$−1.1	35	>100	[166]
	HfO${}_x$	B	$\sim$1, $\sim$−1	$\sim$44	10${}^3$	[167]
	NbO${}_x$	B, U	$\sim$−1.09,$\sim$0.6	>10${}^7$	>10${}^7$	[168]
	CeO${}_x$	B	$\sim$1.5, $\sim$−2	$\sim$10	10${}^3$	[169]
	FeO${}_x$	B	$\sim$−1.3, $\sim$1.0	800	6$\times$10${}^4$	[170]
	ZrO${}_x$	U	2.30, 0.25	10	7374	[171]
	MgO${}_x$	B, U	$\sim$5.8, $\sim$−2.2	>10${}^5$	4$\times$10${}^2$	[172]
	NiO${}_x$	U	$\sim$1, $\sim$3.5	NS	NS	[173]
	CuO${}_x$	U	$\sim$1.2, $\sim$0.6	NS	NA	[174]
	GaO${}_x$	B	$\sim$1.5, $\sim$−2	>10${}^8$	$\sim$100	[175]
	VO${}_x$	B	$\sim$1, $\sim$−1	$\sim$10	10${}^8$	[176]
Binary oxides	WO${}_x$	B	1, −2	>10${}^2$	>100	[177]
	YbO${}_x$	B	1.5, −1.4	NA	NS	[178]
	GdO${}_x$	B	1.2, −1.2	>70	>10${}^5$	[179]
	LuO${}_x$	B	0.8,1.2	>10${}^3$	>10${}^4$	[180]
	LaO${}_x$	U	1.3,0.3	>10${}^8$	>500	[181]
	CoO${}_x$	B	1.6,$\sim$−0.5	>100	>100	[182]
	GeO${}_x$	B	$\sim$4,$\sim$−0.75	>10${}^3$	NA	[183]
	MoO${}_x$	B	$\sim$3,$\sim$−3	$\sim$10	>100	[184]
	SnO${}_x$	B	$\sim$−0.2, $\sim$2	$\sim$10${}^3$	$\sim$500	[185]
	SmO${}_x$	B	$\sim$1.5,$\sim$−1.2	$\sim$2.5	10${}^4$	[186]
	BiO${}_x$	B	$\sim$1.2, $\sim$−1.2	NA	NA	[187]
	SbO${}_x$	U	$\sim$2, $\sim$1.2	>10${}^2$	>200	[188]
	YO${}_x$	U	$\sim$2.3, $\sim$0.4	>10${}^6$	NA	[189]
	AgO${}_x$	B, U	1.8, −1.8	$\sim$10	>90	[190]
	EuO${}_x$	B	$\sim$−1.4, $\sim$1.2	NA	<200	[191]
	PrO${}_x$	B	$\sim$−1.8, $\sim$1.5	NA	$\sim$600
	ErO${}_x$	U	$\sim$3, $\sim$2	NS	>100	[192]
	DyO${}_x$	U	$\sim$2.3, $\sim$2	NS	>110
	NdO${}_x$	U	$\sim$2, $\sim$1.5	NS	> 30

$V_{\mathrm{SET}}$: SET Voltage, $V_{\mathrm{RESET}}$: RESET Voltage, B: bipolar, U: unipolar, NA: data not available and NS: not specified