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. 2023 Aug 8;13:12399. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37829-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Raw physiological data collected via Empatica E4 Wristband and Muse Headband (Subject—B9, Experiment 2). In the top panel, sub-panels in turn represent the EDA, HR, BVP, body temperature, and 3-axis accelerometer data. The grey, green, and rust background colors in turn represent the results associated with no actuation, smelling perfume, and drinking coffee sessions, respectively. Yellow and blue background colors are associated with rest time periods for smelling perfume and drinking coffee, respectively. Sub-panels in the bottom panel depict spectrogram representations of EEG signals recorded from the left and right temporoparietal areas of the brain (i.e., TP9 and TP10). White vertical lines separate the memory tasks from rest times.