Table 2.
Lifetime concussion and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) prevalence, number, location of injury, mechanism of injury, and whether evaluated by a healthcare professional by question type, 2020 Porter Novelli SummerStyles.
| Total |
Concussion1 |
Mild TBI2 |
X2 | p-value | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency | Weighted Frequency |
% | 95% C.I. | Frequency | Weighted Frequency |
% | 95% C.I. | Frequency | Weighted Frequency |
% | 95% C.I. | |||
| 41.7 | <0.0001 | |||||||||||||
| Yes, I have had a concussion/mTBI | 914 | 862 | 21.3 | (19.8,22.8) | 543 | 508 | 25.5 | (23.2,27.8) | 371 | 354 | 17.2 | (15.2,19.2) | ||
| No, I have not | 3,133 | 3184 | 78.7 | (77.2,80.2) | 1,441 | 1482 | 74.5 | (72.2,77.0) | 1,692 | 1701 | 82.8 | (80.8,84.8) | ||
| Number of lifetime concussions/TBIsc | 0.5 | 0.85 | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 454 | 434 | 53.2 | (49.1,57.2) | 276 | 262 | 53.6 | (48.3,58.8) | 178 | 172 | 52.5 | (46.2,58.8) | ||
| 2 | 260 | 243 | 29.8 | (26.1,33.5) | 154 | 147 | 30.1 | (25.1,35.0) | 106 | 96 | 29.4 | (23.8,35.0) | ||
| 3+ | 157 | 139 | 17.1 | (14.2,19.9) | 92 | 80 | 16.4 | (12.8,19.9) | 65 | 59 | 18.1 | (13.5,22.7) | ||
| Location of most serious injuryc | 14.5 | 0.07 | ||||||||||||
| At work or volunteering | 69 | 60 | 7.0 | (5.1,8.9) | 37 | 32 | 6.3 | (3.9,8.6) | 32 | 28 | 8.0 | (4.9,11.1) | ||
| Playing a sport or recreational activity | 342 | 319 | 37.0 | (33.1,40.9) | 219 | 211 | 41.5 | (36.3,46.7) | 123 | 108 | 30.6 | 25.0,36.2) | ||
| At home | 176 | 180 | 20.9 | (17.4,24.3) | 97 | 92 | 18.1 | (14.1,22.1) | 79 | 88 | 24.9 | (18.9,30.8) | ||
| In a public place | 81 | 79 | 9.0 | (6.8,11.2) | 46 | 43 | 8.4 | (5.7,11.1) | 35 | 35 | 10.0 | (6.3,13.6) | ||
| In a vehicle | 149 | 132 | 15.3 | (12.6,17.9) | 85 | 73 | 14.4 | (11.1,17.7) | 64 | 58 | 16.5 | (12.2,20.9) | ||
| Somewhere else | 96 | 93 | 10.8 | (8.3,13.2) | 59 | 57 | 11.3 | (8.0,14.5) | 37 | 36 | 10.1 | (6.4,13.7) | ||
| Mechanism of injury for most serious concussion/TBIc | 4.7 | 0.87 | ||||||||||||
| A car or motorcycle crash | 153 | 139 | 16.1 | (13.3,19.0) | 87 | 78 | 15.3 | (11.8,18.9) | 66 | 61 | 17.3 | (12.6,21.9) | ||
| Fell or crashed on a bicycle | 54 | 44 | 5.2 | (3.6,6.8) | 28 | 25 | 5.0 | (2.8,7.2) | 26 | 19 | 5.4 | (3.1,7.8) | ||
| Tripped, slipped, or fell and hit my head | 194 | 188 | 21.9 | (18.5,25.2) | 118 | 114 | 22.5 | (18.1,27.0) | 76 | 74 | 20.9 | (15.8,26.0) | ||
| Hit in the head during a fight or an argument | 49 | 57 | 6.7 | (4.5,8.8) | 32 | 36 | 7.1 | (4.4,9.7) | 17 | 21 | 6.1 | (2.5,9.7) | ||
| Ran into another person by accident | 44 | 40 | 4.7 | (3.1,6.2) | 23 | 21 | 4.2 | (2.3,6.1) | 21 | 19 | 5.3 | (2.6,8.0) | ||
| Bumped my head on something | 155 | 151 | 17.6 | (14.5,20.7) | 101 | 93 | 18.5 | (14.4,22.5) | 54 | 58 | 16.4 | (11.5,21.2) | ||
| Felt dizzy or sick and fell, or passed out | 26 | 24 | 2.8 | (1.6,4.0) | 10 | 11 | 2.1 | (0.6,3.6) | 16 | 13 | 3.8 | (1.8,5.8) | ||
| Something else | 234 | 215 | 25.1 | (21.6,28.6) | 141 | 128 | 25.3 | (20.7,29.9) | 93 | 87 | 24.8 | (19.4,30.2) | ||
| Did a doctor or nurse evaluate you for your most serious concussion/TBI?c | 0.1 | 0.76 | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 494 | 461 | 53.7 | (49.7,57.7) | 287 | 269 | 53.2 | (48.0,58.4) | 207 | 192 | 54.5 | (48.2,60.7) | ||
| No | 417 | 397 | 46.3 | (42.3,50.3) | 254 | 237 | 46.8 | (41.6,52.0) | 163 | 161 | 45.5 | (39.3,51.8) | ||
| Where did the doctor or nurse first evaluate your most serious concussion/TBI?d | 9.7 | 0.11 | ||||||||||||
| At regular doctor’s office | 94 | 89 | 19.3 | (14.7,23.9) | 53 | 47 | 17.3 | (11.9,22.8) | 41 | 42 | 22.0 | (14.1,29.8) | ||
| At a hospital or emergency department | 324 | 298 | 64.6 | (59.2,69.9) | 186 | 172 | 64.0 | (56.9,71.0) | 138 | 126 | 65.4 | (57.2,73.7) | ||
| At an urgent care clinic | 31 | 35 | 7.5 | (4.6,10.4) | 17 | 19 | 7.2 | (3.3,11.2) | 14 | 15 | 7.9 | (3.6,12.2) | ||
| At a sports medicine or concussion clinic | 13 | 17 | 3.7 | (1.0,6.3) | 10 | 15 | 5.7 | (1.3,10.1) | 3 | 2 | 0.9 | (0.0,2.1) | ||
| Someplace else | 32 | 23 | 5.0 | (3.0,6.9) | 21 | 16 | 5.8 | (3.0,8.6) | 11 | 7 | 3.8 | (1.4,6.2) | ||
| Did the doctor or nurse diagnose you with a concussion or mTBI?d | 36.7 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 405 | 379 | 82.3 | (78.2,86.3) | 259 | 245 | 91.1 | (87.4,94.7) | 146 | 134 | 69.9 | (62.2,77.6) | ||
| No | 86 | 82 | 17.7 | (13.7,21.8) | 27 | 24 | 8.9 | (5.3,12.6) | 59 | 58 | 30.1 | (22.4,37.8) | ||
| Number of symptomsc | 6.5 | 0.24 | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 102 | 96 | 11.2 | (8.7,13.7) | 71 | 65 | 13.1 | (9.7,16.4) | 31 | 30 | 8.6 | (4.9,12.3) | ||
| 1 | 153 | 148 | 17.4 | (14.2,20.6) | 88 | 78 | 15.6 | (11.9,19.4) | 65 | 69 | 19.9 | (14.4,25.4) | ||
| 2 | 184 | 163 | 19.2 | (16.1,22.2) | 117 | 93 | 18.5 | (14.9,22.1) | 67 | 70 | 20.1 | (14.9,35.4) | ||
| 3+ | 464 | 444 | 52.2 | (48.2,56.2) | 261 | 264 | 52.8 | (47.6,57.9) | 203 | 179 | 51.4 | (45.1,57.7) | ||
| Symptomsc | ||||||||||||||
| Headache | 464 | 450 | 52.9 | (48.9,56.9) | 267 | 262 | 52.2 | (47.1,57.4) | 197 | 188 | 53.9 | (47.6,60.1) | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Dazed or confused | 349 | 324 | 38.2 | (34.3,42.0) | 208 | 190 | 38.0 | (32.9,43.0) | 141 | 134 | 38.4 | (32.4,44.4) | 0.0 | 0.92 |
| Dizziness or balance problems | 339 | 324 | 38.1 | (34.2,42.0) | 183 | 184 | 36.7 | (31.6,41.8) | 156 | 140 | 40.0 | (33.9,46.1) | 1.0 | 0.41 |
| Knocked out/loss of consciousness | 296 | 266 | 31.3 | (27.7,34.9) | 160 | 143 | 28.6 | (24.0,33.2) | 136 | 123 | 35.1 | (29.4,40.9) | 4.4 | 0.08 |
| Feeling tired or fatigued | 259 | 262 | 30.8 | (27.1,34.6) | 153 | 162 | 32.3 | (27.3,37.4) | 106 | 100 | 28.7 | (23.1,34.4) | 1.3 | 3.50 |
| Bothered by light or noise | 170 | 187 | 22.0 | (18.4,25.6) | 102 | 125 | 24.9 | (19.8,30.0) | 68 | 62 | 17.9 | (13.1,22.6) | 6.3 | 0.05 |
| Blurred or double vision | 188 | 188 | 22.2 | (18.6,25.7) | 107 | 113 | 22.5 | (17.7,27.3) | 81 | 76 | 21.7 | (16.6,26.7) | 0.1 | 0.82 |
| Trouble remembering or concentrating | 194 | 184 | 21.7 | (18.4,25.0) | 98 | 96 | 19.1 | (14.9,23.3) | 96 | 89 | 25.4 | (20.1,30.7) | 5.2 | 0.06 |
| Nausea or vomiting | 180 | 180 | 21.2 | (17.9,24.5) | 107 | 114 | 22.7 | (18.1,27.3) | 73 | 67 | 19.1 | (14.5,23.7) | 1.7 | 0.28 |
| Trouble sleeping | 87 | 93 | 11.0 | (8.2,13.7) | 48 | 53 | 10.7 | (7.1,14.3) | 39 | 40 | 11.4 | (7.2,15.5) | 0.1 | 0.80 |
| Angry | 61 | 67 | 7.8 | (5.5,10.1) | 31 | 35 | 7.1 | (4.2,10.0) | 30 | 31 | 9.0 | (5.2,12.7) | 1.1 | 0.43 |
| Sad | 47 | 53 | 6.2 | (4.1,8.3) | 19 | 21 | 4.1 | (2.0,6.3) | 28 | 32 | 9.2 | 5.2,13.1) | 9.6 | 0.02 |
| Other symptom not listed | 64 | 58 | 6.8 | (4.9,8.8) | 28 | 23 | 4.7 | (2.4,7.0) | 36 | 35 | 9.9 | (6.4,13.4) | 9.4 | 0.01 |
| No symptoms | 102 | 95 | 11.2 | (8.7,13.7) | 71 | 65 | 13.1 | (9.7,16.4) | 31 | 30 | 8.6 | (4.9,12.3) | 4.4 | 0.09 |
A concussion can happen anytime a blow to the head causes you to have one or more symptoms, whether just for a short time or lasting a while. Symptoms include: blurred or double vision, being bothered by light or noise, headaches, dizziness or balance problems, nausea, vomiting, trouble sleeping, feeling tired, being dazed or confused, trouble remembering, trouble concentrating, or being knocked out. In your lifetime, do you believe that you have ever had a concussion?’
A mild traumatic brain injury can happen anytime a blow to the head causes you to have one or more symptoms, whether just for a short time or lasting a while. Symptoms include: blurred or double vision, being bothered by light or noise, headaches, dizziness or balance problems, nausea, vomiting, trouble sleeping, feeling tired, being dazed or confused, trouble remembering, trouble concentrating, or being knocked out. In your lifetime, do you believe that you have ever had a mild traumatic brain injury?’
For those respondents who answered ‘yes’ to any of the concussion prevalence questions
For those respondents who indicated a doctor or nurse evaluated them for their most serious concussion/TBI
Note: Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding