Table 2.
Drug classifications used for validation
| Drug classification | Drugs included |
|---|---|
| Insulin | Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) code: A10A |
| Non-insulin glucose lowering drugs | ATC: A10B |
| Vitamin K antagonists | ATC: B01AA |
| P2Y12 inhibitors | Clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel |
| Ace inhibitors/Angiotensin II receptor blockers | ATC: C09A, C09C |
| Benzodiazepines | ATC: N05BA |
| Direct-acting oral anticoagulants | ATC: B01AF |
| Antipsychotics | ATC: N05A |
| Dementia medications | Donepezil, memantine, galantamine, rivastigmine |
| Furosemide | furosemide (Lasix) |
| Corticosteroids | Dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, prednisone, deflazacort, cortisone |
| Puffers (limited to inhalation route) | Albuterol, salbutamol, levalbuterol, terbutaline, Proventil, ProAir, AccuNeb, pirbuterol, ventolin, formoterol, salmeterol, indacaterol, arformoterol, olodaterol, orciprenaline, ipratropium, umeclidinium, glycopyrrolate, glycopyrronium, tiotropium, aclidinium, budesonide, fluticasone, beclomethasone, ciclesonide, mometasone, albuterol/ipratropium, albuterol/ipratropium, umeclidinium/vilanterol, olodaterol/tiotropium, glycopyrronium/indacaterol, formoterol/glycopyrronium, aclidinium/formoterol, tiotropium/olodaterol, fluticasone/salmeterol, fluticasone/vilanterol, budesonide/formoterol, beclomethasone, salmeterol, formoterol/mometasone, beclomethasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium, fluticasone/umeclidinium/vilanterol, budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol, ibudilast, montelukast, pranlukast, zafirlukast, roflumilast, aminophylline, doxofylline, theophylline |
| Antibiotics | Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefepime, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefpodoxime, ceftaroline, azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, streptomycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gemifloxacin, doxycycline, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin-sulbactam, ticarcillin-clavulanate, piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, imipenem, impenem+cilastatin, ertapenem, vancomycin (excluding oral, rectal, ophthal routes), aztreonam, colistin, gentamicin, septra, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefazolin, cefprozil, cefuroxime, cephalexin, penicillin G, amoxicillin, ticarcillin, flucloxacillin, ampicillin, piperacillin |
Notes: This table defines the input drugs used in each query. Combination products were listed separately. Items that list an ATC code indicate that the entire list of generic drugs as specified by ATC were used as input.