Table 2.
Fatty acid composition.
| H | ARMS | FES | χ 2 | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 39 | n = 72 | n = 18 | ||||
| Saturated | PA | 21.14 (0.99) | 21.17 (0.98) | 20.86 (1.08) | 0.91 | 0.64 |
| SA | 19.74 (0.65) | 19.57 (0.75) | 19.68 (0.88) | 3.70 | 0.16 | |
| n-9 monounsaturated | OA | 14.74 (1.08) | 14.84 (1.11) | 15.31 (1.19) | 2.86 | 0.24 |
| NA | 0.54 (0.07) | 0.92 (0.29) | 0.89 (0.29) | 61.27 | <0.0001***, H < ARMS, FES | |
| n-3 polyunsaturated | EPA | 1.30 (0.46) | 1.04 (0.40) | 0.87 (0.23) | 14.92 | 0.0006***, H > ARMS, FES |
| DPA | 3.00 (0.31) | 2.79 (0.27) | 2.80 (0.25) | 15.28 | 0.0005***, H > ARMS, FES | |
| DHA | 8.29 (1.22) | 8.22 (1.33) | 7.56 (0.86) | 5.99 | 0.05 | |
| n-6 polyunsaturated | LA | 10.24 (0.97) | 10.10 (1.03) | 10.20 (1.12) | 0.68 | 0.71 |
| DGLA | 1.43 (0.19) | 1.53 (0.26) | 1.49 (0.30) | 4.78 | 0.09 | |
| AA | 15.22 (1.43) | 15.77 (1.13) | 16.36 (1.57) | 10.63 | 0.005**, H < FES | |
| Summary value | n-3 total | 12.60 (1.79) | 12.05 (1.72) | 11.22 (1.11) | 9.65 | 0.008**, H > FES |
| n-6 total | 26.89 (1.72) | 27.40 (1.24) | 28.05 (1.20) | 7.06 | 0.03*, H < FES | |
| n-6/n-3 ratioa | 1.65 (0.46) | 1.77 (0.41) | 1.98 (0.38) | 9.67 | 0.008**, H < FES | |
| Omega-3 Indexb | 9.59 (1.57) | 9.26 (1.63) | 8.42 (0.97) | 8.62 | 0.01*, H > FES |
Values represent mean (S.D.) of the percentage of the total fatty acids. AA, arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6); ARMS, at-risk mental state; DGLA, dihomogammalinolenic acid (20:3 n-6); DHA, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3); DPA, docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3); EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3); FES, first-episode schizophrenia; H, healthy control; LA, linoleic acid (18:2 n-6); NA, nervonic acid (24:1 n-9); OA, oleic acid (18:1 n-9); PA, palmitic acid (16:0); SA, stearic acid (18:0). Differences between groups were examined by Kruscal–Wallis test with post-hoc comparisons. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, and *p < 0.05.
a
n-6/n-3 ratio = AA/(EPA + DHA).
b
Omega-3 index = EPA + DHA.