Table 3.

Relationships between fatty acid levels and clinical/cognitive indices.

		PANSS total		PANSS positive		PANSS negative		PANSS general psychopathology		BACS		SCoRS		SOFAS
		ARMS	FES	ARMS	FES	ARMS	FES	ARMS	FES	ARMS	FES	ARMS	FES	ARMS	FES
Saturated	PA	0.18	0.05	0.03	−0.01	0.22	0.25	0.14	−0.16	0.02	−0.03	−0.14	0.20	−0.03	−0.64†
	SA	−0.14	−0.46	−0.13	−0.58†	−0.14	−0.37	−0.05	−0.34	−0.19	0.26	0.23	−0.13	−0.16	0.06
n-9 monounsaturated	OA	−0.12	0.71*	−0.07	0.25	−0.10	0.63†	−0.17	0.61†	0.11	−0.60†	0.11	0.08	−0.06	−0.14
	NA	0.43*	0.17	0.19	−0.27	0.36*	0.13	0.36*	0.33	−0.05	−0.17	−0.17	−0.09	0.20	0.19
n-3 polyunsaturated	EPA	0.04	−0.17	0.11	0.15	0.09	−0.18	−0.04	−0.17	0.03	−0.05	−0.22	0.12	0.25	−0.20
	DPA	0.12	0.03	0.18	−0.14	0.13	0.01	0.05	0.17	0.13	−0.39	−0.10	−0.20	0.08	0.25
	DHA	0.20	0.01	0.14	0.10	0.18	−0.05	0.15	0.15	0.02	−0.29	−0.20	0.27	0.24	0.21
n-6 polyunsaturated	LA	−0.19	0.04	−0.05	0.54†	−0.22	−0.28	−0.17	0.16	0.01	0.15	0.11	−0.27	−0.10	0.55†
	DGLA	0.08	0.07	0.09	0.38	0.00	−0.11	0.07	0.13	−0.21	−0.04	0.10	−0.14	−0.13	0.43
	AA	−0.05	−0.21	−0.04	−0.40	−0.04	−0.16	0.00	−0.18	0.03	0.19	−0.07	−0.03	−0.08	−0.23
summary value	n-3 total	0.18	−0.08	0.17	−0.09	0.18	−0.06	0.11	0.07	0.04	−0.32	−0.22	0.22	0.25	0.25
	n-6 total	−0.17	−0.07	−0.03	0.29	−0.23	−0.30	−0.09	−0.02	−0.04	0.54†	0.12	−0.38	−0.24	0.13
	n-6/n-3 ratioa	−0.16	−0.10	−0.13	−0.27	−0.16	−0.05	−0.09	−0.12	−0.02	0.29	0.18	−0.29	−0.22	−0.13
	omega-3 indexb	0.17	−0.01	0.15	0.06	0.18	−0.01	0.11	0.09	0.01	−0.26	−0.22	0.33	0.25	0.10

Values are Spearman’s rho, calculated using semi-partial correlation analysis that only fatty acid indices were controlled by age as a covariate. *False discovery rate adjustment p value < 0.1 (written in bold letters). ^†There was a significant correlation between fatty acid composition and clinical/cognitive indices, however, they did not survive after post-hoc analysis for multiple comparison. AA, arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6); ARMS, at-risk mental state; BACS, brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia; DGLA, dihomogammalinolenic acid (20:3 n-6); DHA, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3); DPA, docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3); EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3); FES, first-episode schizophrenia; H, healthy control; LA, linoleic acid (18:2 n-6); NA, nervonic acid (24:1 n-9); OA, oleic acid (18:1 n-9); PA, palmitic acid (16:0); PANSS, positive and negative syndrome scale; SA, stearic acid (18:0); SCoRS, schizophrenia cognition rating scale; SOFAS, social and occupational functioning assessment scale.

^an-6/n-3 ratio = AA/(EPA + DHA).

^bomega-3 index = EPA + DHA.