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. 2023 Mar 15;164(2):503–516. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.03.010

e-Figure 2.

e-Figure 2

Directed acyclic graph depicting the causal assumptions on the effect of OSA on the gut microbiota composition. A directed edge (or “arrow”) from one node to another represents a direct effect between these two nodes. Green line: causal path; pink line: biasing path; pink nodes: ancestor of exposure and outcome; and blue nodes: ancestor of outcome.